{"id":601,"date":"2022-04-15T22:08:36","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T20:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/?p=601"},"modified":"2024-03-14T09:08:33","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T07:08:33","slug":"sobanukirwa-inkomoko-nyirizina-yiyigamyifatire-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/sobanukirwa-inkomoko-nyirizina-yiyigamyifatire-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobanukirwa Inkomoko nyirizina y&#8217;Iyigamyifatire 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"\">Aho dusangira ubumenyi ku ngingo zinyuranye, ziganjemo ibijyanye n\u2019ubuzima bw\u2019umubiri n\u2019ubwo mu mutwe, Iyigamyifatire, ubuzima busanzwe, ubumenyi ndetse n\u2019ikoranabuhanga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Turi mu rukurikirane rw\u2019ibiganiro rwiswe_ Turusheho gusobanukirwa n\u2019imyifatire yacu ndetse n\u2019iy\u2019abo tubana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Mu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/studio.youtube.com\/video\/m8KTMAQ1Hto\/edit\">kiganiro cy\u2019ubushize<\/a>&nbsp;twaganiriye ku bushakashatsi bwa mbere, bufitanye isano na psychologiya,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.com\/dore-uko-kwiga-imyifatire-ya-muntu-byadutse\/\">bwabaye mugihe cya kera<\/a>, ubwo abantu bari batangiye kwibaza inkomoko yibitekerezo byabo, tunavuga ku buryo umuhanga Itard yagerageje guhindura imyitwarire yumuhungu wishyamba w\u2019i Aveyron mu Bufaransa. Ibi byombi bikaba byaraduharuriraga inzira ndetse binadukomoreza ku isura y\u2019iyigamyifatire cyangwa PSYCHOLOGIYA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Ni muri urwo rwego rero, uyu munsi, turi buganire ku&nbsp;Iyigamyifatire nyirizina; icyo ari cyo, ndetse n\u2019uburyo yatangiye kwigwa nk\u2019ubuhanga nyabwo bwo kwiga no guhindura imyifatire y\u2019abantu n\u2019inyamaswa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Sobanukirwa Iyigamyifatire Ep 2 \u2013 Ngiyi Inkomoko nyirizina yo kwiga imyifatire y\u2019abantu.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BN96hcxYWYk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=BN96hcxYWYk%3Fversion%3D3%26rel%3D1%26showsearch%3D0%26showinfo%3D1%26iv_load_policy%3D1%26fs%3D1%26hl%3Den-US%26autohide%3D2%26wmode%3Dtransparent<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psychologiya cyangwa iyigamyifatire ni iki?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Psychologiya, muri rusange isobanurwa nk\u2019uburyo bwa gihanga bwo kwiga imyifatire n\u2019ibibera mu mutwe. Ubu bumenyi bukaba bukubiyemo ubw\u2019imyifatire yose, yaba iy\u2019abantu cyangwa se iy\u2019inyamaswa. Iyo yiga kubantu, psychologiya yibanda ku bintu byose batekereza, uburyo biyumva, cyangwa ibyo bakora. Akenshi usanga abashinzwe imyifatire ya muntu, bita aba busikologue, batandukanira ku buryo baha agaciro ubwoko runaka bw\u2019imyifatire mu bushakashatsi bwabo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Nk\u2019urugero, hari abahanga mubya psychologiya bemeza ko ushobora gusa kwiga imyifatire iboneshwa amaso, cyangwa iyo ushobora kwitegereza no gupima muburyo butaziguye. Hari n\u2019abandi bemeza ko ibitekerezo byacu, ibyiyumvo, ndetse n\u2019ibyo twibwira ari ngombwa, n\u2019ubwo bwose bitagaragarira amaso mu buryo butaziguye. Gusa bose ikintu bahurizaho ni uko hagomba kwifashishwa ubushakashatsi bwa gihanga cyangwa bwa siyansi kandi bunyuze munzira nyazo kugirango habashwe kwigwa imyifatire iyo ari yo yose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Mwumvise neza, ko busikologiya yaje nk\u2019uburyo bwa gihanga bwo kwiga imyifatire ndetse n\u2019ibibera mu mutwe, kandi ko hagomba kwitabazwa uburyo bwa gihanga mu kwiga iyo myifatire. Gusa aha hari ikindi kibazo bituzanira: Ni iki gituma psychologiya bayita ubuhanga cyangwa Siyansi yokwiga imyifatire? (ibi bijyana n&#8217;ishingiro rya siyansi ry<strong>&#8216; Iyigamyifatire)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Igisubizo twagishakira mu ko, Kugirango umenye neza ko amakuru yakusanyijwe arasa ku ntego koko, abahanga mu by&#8217;imyifatire ya muntu bashingira ku bushakashatsi bwa gihanga. Ni muri urwo rwego rero Mu iyigamyifatire, imyanzuro yose iba ishingiye ku makuru aboneka muburyo bwo kwitegereza no gusesengura amakuru ava mu maperereza ndetse n\u2019amagerageza ya gihanga (experimentations).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Urugero twarufatira ku buryo muganga Wilhelm Wundt, yakoresheje, akaba kugeza na n\u2019ubu ari we ufatwa nk\u2019umubyeyi w&#8217; iyigamyifatire nka siyansi kubera ko ari we waba yarashinze laboratoire ya mbere y&#8217; iyigamyifatire, ubwo hari i Leipzig, mu Budage, mu 1879. Uyu ubundi abazi gushyenga bavuga ko yabashije gushyingira Physiologiya (ink\u2019yiganzungano-mikorere y\u2019umubiri) na filosofiya (nk\u2019isesengurabitekerezo), maze bikabyara busikologiya (nk\u2019iyigamyifatire).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Uburyo iki gitekerezo cyamujemo, yabanje kugereranya ibibera mu mutwe w\u2019umuntu n\u2019utubumbe duto cyane, nka tumwe tugize ibinyabutabire byose (bita compos\u00e9s chimiques cg Chemical <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/\">compounds<\/a>) . Ubwo yiyemeza ko imitekerereze ya muntu igizwe na bene utwo tubumbe two mu bwoko bubiri, ndetse akaba ari na two inagenderaho. Utwo tubumbe tukaba turimo ibyiyumvo ndetse n&#8217;amarangamutima. Muri laboratoire ye rero, Wundt yagerageje kwirekana ukuri kw\u2019ibyo yavugaga yifashishije ikusanya makuru rikozwe muburyo bwa gihanga(scientific observation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Gusa n\u2019ubwo uburyo yakoresheje icyo gihe butari mu murongo nyawo kandi butajyaga gutanga umusaruro wizewe 100%, inyungu z\u2019akazi yakoze abahanga bazirebeye mu ndorewamo y\u2019umusaruro byatanze, aho kuba inzira yakoresheje ngo abigereho. Ubwo uburyo bwe yabwise &#8220;introspection&#8221;cyangwa&nbsp;<em>\u2018kwigenzura\u2019<\/em>, akaba ari nabwo bwabimburiye ubundi bwose tuzi mu iyigamyifatire hakoreshejwe inzira z\u2019ubushakashatsi bwa gihanga (cg. Scientific method).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Muri ubu buryo bwo kwigenzura bwahimbwe na Wundt, umuntu afata igihe cyo kwitekerezaho, maze agasesengura ibyo yanyuzemo mu buzima bwe, hanyuma agatanga raporo y\u2019ibyamubayeho, noneho umujyanama we akaba aribyo aheraho amenya ikibazo afite cyo mu mutwe cyangwa ibimutera imyifatire idasanzwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Gusa aha twakwibukiranya ko N\u2019ubwo abahanga mu by&#8217;imyifatire ya muntu bakoresha uburyo bwa siyansi kugirango berekane kandi bashyigikire ibitekerezo binyuranye, ibibazo byinshi bijyanye n\u2019imyifatire na n\u2019ubu ntibirabonerwa ibisubizo. Niyo mpamvu Imitekerereze ya psychologiya ikomeza guhindurwa ndetse no kuvugururwa kugeaza na n\u2019ubu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Twabonye busikologiya mu buryo butandukanye, harimo uburyo yifashishijwe n\u2019abakurambere mu gushaka ibisubizo ku nkomoko y\u2019imyifatire yabo, ndetse n\u2019uko yagendeweho mukugerageza guhindura imyifatire y\u2019umwana w\u2019ishyamba.&nbsp; Gusa haracyari ikibazo kitarasubizwa: busikologiya nyirizina yaba yarakomotse hehe?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Mugugisubiza iki kibazo, bitujyana inyuma, mu bihe byo hambere cyera, mu kinyejana cya gatandatu n&#8217;icya gatanu mbere yivuka rya Yezu, ubwo Abagereki batangiraga kwiga imyifatire y&#8217;abantu, ari nabwo bari bamaze gusobanukirwa ko burya ahanini, ubuzima bw&#8217;abantu bugengwa n\u2019ubwenge bwabo aho kuba imana zabo. Ibi byakurikiwe no gusobanukirwa kandi ko burya abantu ari n\u2019ibiremwa byitekerereza kandi bizi gushyira mu gaciro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Ni muri urwo rwego rero, abafilozofe (ba mukundabitekerezo) bo muri icyo gihe batangiye kugerageza gusobanura isi ibakikije bakurikije uburyo abantu bayibona. Ni nabwo haje igitekerezo cy\u2019uko, \u2018uburyo ibintu bishyushye cyangwa bikonje, bitose cyangwa byumye, bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye\u2019 ari byo bigena uko abantu babana na byo cyangwa babibamo, ndetse n\u2019ingaruka bibagiraho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">N\u2019ubwo abahanga mu bya filozofiya b&#8217;Abagereki b\u2019icyo gihe batashingiraga ku bushakashatsi bwimbitse, babashije gushyiraho urwego rwo guteza imbere siyanse, harimo na psychologiya, binyuze mu kwitegereza nk&#8217;uburyo bushya bwo kwifashisha mu gusobanukirwa n\u2019 isi batuyemo. Ni ukuvuga muri iki gihe bibandaga cyane kuri filosofiya mu gusobanura no kwiga imyifatire ya muntu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Byaratinze, Bigeze Rwagati muri za 1500s, Nicola Copernique (1473-1543) yaje gutangaza ko isi yaba atari yo zingiro ry\u2019isanzure, nk\u2019uko byakekwaga mbere,&nbsp; kandi ko ahubwo ari yo izenguruka izuba, bitandukanye n\u2019imyumvire yo muri icyo gihe. Nyuma yaho,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.com\/glossary\/galileo-galilei\/\">Galileo Galilei<\/a>&nbsp;(1564-1642) yaje kwifashisha ibyatangajwe na kopernike, maze akoresheje indebakure yo mu bwoko bwa telescope abasha kwemeza neza aho inyenyeri ziherereye n\u2019uburyo zigenda mu isanzure. Ibi rero bikaba ari byo byarashyize ibuye ry\u2019ifatizo ku igerageza rya gihanga rigezweho ryifashisha ukwitegereza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Naho mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi, Abafilozofe batangiye gukwirakwiza igitekerezo cya dualisme, ari cyo gitekerezo cy&#8217;uko ubwenge n&#8217;umubiri bitandukanye kandi binanyuranye. Gusa hanyuma umufilozofe w\u2019umufaransa&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes\/\">Ren\u00e9 Descartes<\/a>&nbsp;(1596-1650) we ntiyabyumvise kimwe nabo ndetse aranabavuguruza cyane, ahubwo azana icye igitekerezo cy\u2019 uko hari isano nini hagati ya roho n&#8217;umubiri. Yagerageje kumvikanisha ko roho ari yo igenzura imikorere yumubiri, ibyiyumvo, ndetse n imyumvire. Uburyo bwe bwo gusobanura imyifatire yumuntu bwari bushingiye kugitekerezo cy\u2019uko roho n&#8217;umubiri kimwe gifasha ikindi, maze byombi bikagira uruhare mu kugena uburyo umuntu abaho mu buzima. Gusa, Isano nyayo iri hagati y\u2019imikorere y\u2019umubiri na roho nti yigeze isobanurwa neza kugeza na n\u2019ubu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Isoko nyayo y&#8217;iyigamyifatire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Tugana rero ku isooko nyayo y\u2019iyigamyifatire mu buryo bwa gihanga, &nbsp;Umuhanga mu by&#8217;imyifatire ya muntu, Hilgard adusobanurira neza ko burya, &#8220;Siyanse ya none yaba yaratangiye kwigaragaza neza ubwo yahuzaga ibitekerezo bya filozofiya, inyurabwenge (Logique), n&#8217;imibare hamwe nibyiyumviro ndetse n\u2019ubuhangabintu by\u2019abantu b\u2019abanyabikorwa (practical people)&#8221; (Hilgard, 1987).<a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.com\/sobanukirwa-inkomoko-nyirizina-yiyigamyifatire-2\/iyigamyifatire\/\"><\/a>Iyigamyifatire<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Ni muri urwo rwego, mbere yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya cumi n&#8217;icyenda, abahanga mu binyabuzima bari bararangije gutangaza ubuvumbuzi ku ingirabuzimafatizo (cellure) nk&#8217;inyubako z&#8217;ubuzima. Nyuma ho gato, abahanga mu by\u2019ubutabire (ari byo shimi) bakoze imbonerahamwe y\u2019urukurikirane rw\u2019ibintushingiro (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments\">Tableau P\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/a>), ndetse abahanga mu ubugenge (cg fiziki) nabo hagati aho nti bari basinziriya, ahubwo bari barakataje mu gusobanura imbaraga z\u2019ibibera muri atome(atomic forces) (aha atome ni ingirakintu fatizo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Mbese muri make abahanga mu by\u2019ubumenyi kamere, bari baravumbuye uburyo bwo kwiga no gusobanukirwa n\u2019ibibera ku isi byo ku rwego ruhambaye bifashishije uburyo bwo kubigabanyamo uduce dutoduto tworoshye kwiga. Akaba ari no muri urwo rwego rero na psychologiya cyangwa iyigamyifatire yaje kuvukamo no gufata isura ya siyanse bwa mbere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Gusa burya rero ngo bene samusure bavukana isunzu. Nka siyanse yavutse ku ruhurirane rw\u2019ikundabitekerezo, ndetse n\u2019iyigamiterere y\u2019umubiri, ak\u2019inkundabitekerezo nti kabuze kuyikurikirana. Mu munsi yayo ya mbere, nyuma y\u2019uko ibona izuba, imihango yo kuyirira ubunnyano yaretse kuba ibirori ahubwo irangwa n\u2019intambara idasanzwe y\u2019ibitekerezo, ari nayo tuzarebera hamwe mu kiganiro cyacu gikurikira. Nti muzacikwe rero turabararitse, kandi tunabashishikariza gukora subscribe no gukanda ku nzogera, kugirango ntihazagire ikiganiro cyacu na kimwe kigucika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Murakoze, tubaye tubasezeye tunabararikira kuduha ibitekerezo muri comment, bizanadufasha gutegura ikiganiro gitaha ku buryo buzabanyura kurenza. Tubifuriza gukomeza kugira ibihe byiza.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aho dusangira ubumenyi ku ngingo zinyuranye, ziganjemo ibijyanye n\u2019ubuzima bw\u2019umubiri n\u2019ubwo mu mutwe, Iyigamyifatire, ubuzima busanzwe, ubumenyi ndetse n\u2019ikoranabuhanga. Turi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Iyigamyifatire | Nguku uko kwiga imyifatire ya muntu byadutse mu bantu","author":"centreforelites","date":"March 9, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Ukwibeshya kwa\u00a0Psamtik wa I Ibi tubikesha umuhanga\u00a0 muby\u2019imyifatire ya muntu, akaba n\u2019umwanditsi mu bya siyansi, Umunyamerika witwa HUNT Magill MORTON, nawe akaba abikesha Herodote, uzwi nka se w\u2019amateka.\u00a0 Umugabo udasanzwe, Psamtik wa I, wayoboye Misiri mu gice cya nyuma cy'ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere y\u2019ivuka rya Yesu, yakoze ubushakashatsi bwa mbere\u2026","rel":"","context":"In 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