{"id":639,"date":"2022-04-16T20:55:15","date_gmt":"2022-04-16T18:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/?p=639"},"modified":"2022-04-16T20:55:28","modified_gmt":"2022-04-16T18:55:28","slug":"collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"Collective Bargaining process in Industrial Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This is a mutual \u2018give and take\u2019 transactional relationship between representatives of two institutions that is workers on one side and the employing organization on the other to the mutual benefit of both.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the unionized organization, the collective bargaining process can be thought of as a complex flow of events that occur in the determination of wages and fringe benefits and other working conditions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Union bargaining is used in a broad sense to include those in professional organizations that bargain with employees over variety of matters that are the most important aspect of the collective bargaining process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educom360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Generic-Process-of-Collective-Bargaining.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educom360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Generic-Process-of-Collective-Bargaining.png?ssl=1\" alt=\"The collective bargaining process In Industrial Relations\"\/><\/a><figcaption>The collective bargaining process In <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/3-actors-in-the-industrial-relations-system-2\/\">Industrial Relations<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e1f43eaedf7\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e1f43eaedf7\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#_PURPOSE_OF_COLLECTIVE_BARGAINING\" >&nbsp;PURPOSE OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#_ASPECTS_OF_THE_COLLECTIVE_BARGAINING_PROCESS\" >&nbsp;ASPECTS OF THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROCESS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#TYPES_OF_BARGAINING_RELATIONSHIPS\" >TYPES OF BARGAINING RELATIONSHIPS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#Counter_Aggression_Confrontational\" >Counter Aggression (Confrontational)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#_TYPES_OF_BARGAINING\" >&nbsp;TYPES OF BARGAINING<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#DISTRIBUTIVE_BARGAINING\" >DISTRIBUTIVE BARGAINING<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#_INTEGRATIVE_BARGAINING\" >&nbsp;&nbsp;INTEGRATIVE BARGAINING<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#a_Quality_of_work_life_QWL\" >a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quality of work life (QWL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/#Benefits_of_Quality_Circles\" >Benefits of Quality Circles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_PURPOSE_OF_COLLECTIVE_BARGAINING\"><\/span>&nbsp;<strong>PURPOSE OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;To reduce&nbsp;<strong>Industrial conflict<\/strong>&nbsp;as it provides&nbsp;<strong>understanding<\/strong>&nbsp;of each other;<\/li><li>&nbsp;It facilitates flow of&nbsp;<strong>commerce and operations;<\/strong><\/li><li>&nbsp;It increases&nbsp;<strong>productivity&nbsp;<\/strong>and&nbsp;<strong>motivation;<\/strong><\/li><li>&nbsp;It increases&nbsp;<strong>responsibility<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>loyalty<\/strong>&nbsp;of workers.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_ASPECTS_OF_THE_COLLECTIVE_BARGAINING_PROCESS\"><\/span><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>ASPECTS OF THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROCESS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These include formation of unions;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;Pre-negotiations\u2019 strategies and facts on ages, working hours and conditions of service.<\/li><li>&nbsp;The Collective Bargaining process itself;<\/li><li>Process administering of the agreement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TYPES_OF_BARGAINING_RELATIONSHIPS\"><\/span><strong>TYPES OF BARGAINING RELATIONSHIPS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Selekman\u2019s Categories of bargaining Relationships<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Counter_Aggression_Confrontational\"><\/span><strong><u>Counter Aggression <\/u><\/strong>(Confrontational)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This type is characterized by union aggressively trying to extend its voice in the company\u2019s operations, with management trying hard to keep unions in check.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><u>Conflict Relationship<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;(more confrontation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is characterized by employers who accept&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/3718099119877372482\/6302917599375061117#\">union<\/a>&nbsp;and attempt to get rid of the union at every opportunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><u>Power Relationship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This type of bargaining is characterized by both parties attempting to gain any possible advantage from the situation depending on the economic conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><u>Deal Relationship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This relationship feature secret relationship and understanding been union leader and top management with minimum involvement of rank and file workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><u>Collusion Relationship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This has much less desirable constraints than the deal bargaining relationship and it involves manoeuvers to gain or maintain mutual advantage over the public or competitors by controlling the market price or raw materials e.g. Kitwe Council and Market levies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><u>Accommodation Relationship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This type is characterized by&nbsp;<strong>tolerance<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>compromise<\/strong>&nbsp;on the part of both parties but not forgetting the respective rights of their constituencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><u>Mutual Relationship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This relationship between the workers and employing organization is characterized by mutual concern over matters above and beyond ages, hours and working conditions such as matters of efficiency and technological change.&nbsp;&nbsp;Both accommodation and mutual relationship are characterized by an avoidance of extreme display of power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_TYPES_OF_BARGAINING\"><\/span>&nbsp;<strong>TYPES OF BARGAINING<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Authors&nbsp;<strong>Walton &amp; McKenzie&nbsp;<\/strong>argued that there are 4 types of bargaining:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distributive bargaining<\/strong>&nbsp;refers to the situation in which the goals of the two parties are in conflict and which is assumed that the total values to be bargained are fixed so that someone\u2019s gain is another\u2019s loss.<\/li><li><strong>Integrative bargaining<\/strong>&nbsp;refers to situations in which goals are not perceived as conflicting but in which there is a problem of concern to all parties e.g. production, safety and quality.<\/li><li><strong>Attitudinal structuring bargaining<\/strong>&nbsp;which is part of either distributive or integrative bargaining. It refers to the activities in and surrounding negotiations that serve to change attitude of relations.<\/li><li>&nbsp;<strong>Intra-organizational bargain&nbsp;<\/strong>refers to activities that take place within the union or within company management, to bring the expected principles into alignment with those of chief negotiators.&nbsp;&nbsp;In short, there is a good deal of bargaining that goes on within unions and company management about the position to be taken by the chief negotiators of the two sides in actual collective bargaining sessions.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DISTRIBUTIVE_BARGAINING\"><\/span><strong>DISTRIBUTIVE BARGAINING<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pre-negotiation proposals from members of union and present proposals to management.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Management goes through the proposals rejecting some and accepting others.&nbsp;&nbsp;Management also offers a list of their demands \u2013 counter proposals.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Initial discussion takes place;<\/li><li>&nbsp;Management presents agreements;<\/li><li>&nbsp;Parties proceed to hard bargaining starting with the non-economic demands with provision,&nbsp; management concedes to certain items provided the union drops certain others or provided union agrees to certain management desired contract changes.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Negotiating the costs \u2013 items, monetary wages and fringe benefits in particular tedious with the company\u2019s starting from the position that the wage structure is already satisfactory and that the union is asking a high increase.&nbsp;&nbsp;Both sides face the problem the other to move in the direction of the demand and trying to make the opponent reach the final position without itself giving away its final position.<\/li><li>&nbsp;The procedure continues until the company has revealed the maximum amount it will grant including both wages and fringe benefits, and the union has essentially revealed the minimum it will accept if the difference is small the two parties can split into two and sign the agreement. If the difference is big and no compromise is in sight the following may take place:<\/li><li>a)&nbsp;a dispute will be raised<\/li><li>b)you must agree to have a reconciliatory<\/li><li>c)if this is not possible, the union must seek a strike authorization by way of secret vote from the general membership.<\/li><li>&nbsp;If the union resolves to go on a strike, the contest becomes one of economic pressure and willing to make a sacrifice.&nbsp;&nbsp;One or both parties may by this time advertise its position and supporting arguments.<\/li><li>&nbsp;When agreement is finally reached, usually after concurrence by the union members both parties may switch from belligerent to a more shaking hands, joking and making statements about the contract being fair and just to employees and stakeholders.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_INTEGRATIVE_BARGAINING\"><\/span>&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;INTEGRATIVE BARGAINING<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This type is far less prevalent than distributive.&nbsp;&nbsp;The integrative bargaining requires a change in attitude on both sides, i.e. management and union from an offensive-defensive position to genuine interest in and concern for joint exploration of problems, fact gathering and problem solving.&nbsp;&nbsp;It becomes a way of life for the two parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Examples may be seen through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Quality_of_work_life_QWL\"><\/span>a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Quality of work life (QWL)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Quality of work life is a systematic effort to create work situations that enhance employees\u2019 motivation and commitment, the factors that contribute to high levels of organizational performance. QWL results (benefits) are increased output, quality products and worker participation.&nbsp;&nbsp;These improve affecting the organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For QWL to succeed, the work place must be more democratic.&nbsp;&nbsp;Committees are set up with representatives from both the workers and management to determine what work has to be done. This is called worker participation. The QWL programs support highly democratic treatment of employees at all levels and encourage their participation in decision-making<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;The process of changing the way jobs are done by rest maturing to make them more interesting to workers.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is done in two ways:-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;i).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Job enlargement (increasing the jobs)<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Employees have more responsibilities and use broader skills as well as perform a wide variety of different tasks at the same level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ii).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Job enrichment (vertical)<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This design of jobs increases addition of fast employees levels responsibility and control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;iii).&nbsp;<strong>Quality circles.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;These are small groups of volunteers usually around ten (10) who meet regularly to identify and solve problems related to the quality of work they perform and the conditions under which people do their jobs.&nbsp;&nbsp;Organizations may have so many quality circles dealing with specific areas.&nbsp;&nbsp;These groups are trained in problem solving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Issues discussed and solved include:-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Reduction of vandalism or scrap or waste.<\/li><li>How to create safer working environment, developing employee skills, improving morale and leadership.<\/li><li>How to improve product quality.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Quality circles are good and effective at bringing short-term improvements in quality of work life but less effective in creating more permanent changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the short-term problems are solved quality circles are disbanded.&nbsp;&nbsp;Quality circles have been an innovation of the Japanese industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_Quality_Circles\"><\/span><strong>Benefits of Quality Circles<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increased job satisfaction, organization commitment, and hence reduces turnover among workforce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increased productivity as a result of reduction in cost and avoid defects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increased organizational effectiveness e.g. profitability and goal attainment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Opportunities are provided to develop problem-solving abilities and increase job skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Co-operative attitude and a spirit of teamwork exist between management and employees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educom360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Industrial-Relations-Featured-min.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educom360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Industrial-Relations-Featured-min.png?ssl=1\" alt=\"The collective bargaining process In Industrial Relations\"\/><\/a><figcaption>The collective bargaining process In <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/3-actors-in-the-industrial-relations-system-2\/\">Industrial Relations<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The requirement of successful QWL is both management and labour must co-operate in designing the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;None of the two should take the advantage of the other.&nbsp;&nbsp;Once agreed by all concerned, programmes must be implemented.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is the responsibility of all employees from the highest-ranking management officer to the lowest level of employee to follow.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is a mutual \u2018give and take\u2019 transactional relationship between representatives of two institutions that is workers on one side [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":268,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,49,68],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-business","category-education","tag-industrial-relations"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/The-collective-bargaining-process-In-Industrial-Relations.png?fit=574%2C314&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1181,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-collective-bargaining-process-in-industrial-relations\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":0},"title":"The collective bargaining process In Industrial Relations","author":"centreforelites","date":"March 16, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"This is a mutual \u2018give and take\u2019 transactional relationship between representatives of two institutions that is workers on one side and the employing organization on the other to the mutual benefit of both.\u00a0 In the unionized organization, the collective bargaining process can be thought of as a complex flow of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Industrial Relations&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Industrial Relations","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/industrial-relations\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":296,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-significance-of-industrial-relations\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":1},"title":"The significance of industrial relations","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The significance of industrial relations is in the fact that their quality increase the efficiency and hence prosperity, reduced turnover and other tangible benefits to the organization.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SIGNIFICANCE-OF-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1188,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/significance-of-industrial-relations\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":2},"title":"SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS","author":"centreforelites","date":"March 16, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The maintenance of the significance of industrial relations is of vital importance for the survival and growth of the industrials enterprise. Good industrial relations result in increased efficiency and hence prosperity, reduced turnover and other tangible benefits to the organization. The significance of industrial relations can be summarized as below:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Industrial Relations&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Industrial Relations","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/industrial-relations\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":637,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/role-of-trade-unions-in-industrial-relations\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":3},"title":"Role of Trade Unions in Industrial Relations","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 16, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The trade unions have a crucial role to play in maintaining smooth\u00a0industrial relations. It is true that the unions have to protect and safeguard the interests of the workers through collective bargaining. Role of Trade Unions in Industrial Relations Responsibilities of Trade Unions in maintaining industrial relations But at the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ROLE OF TRADE UNIONS IN MAINTAINING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1182,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/role-of-trade-unions-in-maintaining-industrial-relations\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":4},"title":"ROLE OF TRADE UNIONS IN MAINTAINING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS","author":"centreforelites","date":"March 16, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The trade unions have a crucial role to play in maintaining smooth industrial relations. It is true that the unions have to protect and safeguard the interests of the workers through collective bargaining.\u00a0 Responsibilities of Trade Unions in maintaining industrial relations But at the same time, they have equal responsibility\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Industrial Relations&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Industrial Relations","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/industrial-relations\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ROLE OF TRADE UNIONS IN MAINTAINING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ROLE-OF-TRADE-UNIONS-IN-MAINTAINING-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":308,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/introduction-to-industrial-relations\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":5},"title":"INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Industrial relations define relationships between employers and employees toward each other in terms of supervision, direction, planning and coordination of organizational activities, with minimal human effort and functions; all this is done with an enthusiastic spirit taking into consideration the safety of all employees. Industrial relations may also be defined\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/INTRODUCTION-TO-INDUSTRIAL-RELATIONS.jpg?fit=260%2C260&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=639"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":642,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639\/revisions\/642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}