{"id":931,"date":"2022-11-03T23:08:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T21:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/descriptive-statistics\/"},"modified":"2023-04-17T21:40:34","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T19:40:34","slug":"descriptive-statistics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/","title":{"rendered":"Descriptive Statistics Applied in Educational Psychology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The three most important descriptive statistics applied in <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-concept-of-educational-psychology\/\">educational Psychology<\/a> are Measures of central tendency, Measures of variability and Correlation coefficients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 35.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Measures of central tendency &#8211; which describe the typical (average) score (or value) in a set of data. These are mean, median and mode.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 35.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Measures of variability &#8211; which describe the spread or dispersion among the scores in a set of data. These are the range and standard deviation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 35.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Correlation coefficients &#8211; which describe relationships between variables.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 35.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1200\/1%2AJJXZDgnayqNEu0hXbSbnCw.jpeg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Descriptive Statistics\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1200\/1%2AJJXZDgnayqNEu0hXbSbnCw.jpeg?resize=640%2C360&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Descriptive Statistics\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"450\" data-original-width=\"800\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e83eb586ee8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e83eb586ee8\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#_Tabular_and_Graphical_Presentation_of_Data\" >\u00a0Tabular and Graphical Presentation of Data<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#_Presentation_of_Qualitative_Data\" >\u00a0Presentation of Qualitative Data<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#_Frequency_Distribution\" >\u00a0Frequency Distribution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#_Pie_Chart\" >\u00a0Pie Chart<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#Presentation_of_Quantitative_Data\" >Presentation of Quantitative Data<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#Frequency_distribution\" >Frequency distribution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#Cumulative_Frequency_Distribution\" >Cumulative Frequency Distribution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#1_Grouped_frequency_distribution\" >1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Grouped frequency distribution<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#_Graphical_Presentation_of_Quantitative_Data\" >\u00a0Graphical Presentation of Quantitative Data<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#Histogram\" >Histogram<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#Frequency_Polygon\" >Frequency Polygon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#Cumulative_Frequency_Curve_Ogive_Curve\" >Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive Curve)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/#4_Dot_Plot\" >4.\u00a0 Dot Plot<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo13; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Tabular_and_Graphical_Presentation_of_Data\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Toc508489053;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Tabular and Graphical Presentation of Data<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo13; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Tabular and graphical summaries of data can be found in annual reports, newspaper articles, and <a href=\"https:\/\/kanyarwandamugisha.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/research-and-common-sense.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">research studies<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-left: 144pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Presentation_of_Qualitative_Data\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Presentation of Qualitative Data<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Example<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The data below is from 20 people who bought soft drinks at a grocery on a particular day. The soft drinks are Coke, Fanta and Sprite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Table 1. Data for Soft Drinks<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"91\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"125\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Sprite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"115\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Fanta<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 115.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"154\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"91\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Fanta<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"125\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"115\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Sprite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 115.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"154\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10.6pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"91\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.6pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"125\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.6pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"115\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Sprite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.6pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 115.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"154\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"91\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Sprite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"125\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Fanta<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"115\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Sprite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 115.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"154\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Fanta<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"91\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Sprite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"125\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"115\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Coke<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 115.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"154\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Fanta<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">We note that this data is categorical and it can be measured using a nominal <a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.com\/4-scales-of-measurement-in-quantitative-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale ofmeasurement<\/a>. The descriptive tools to summarise this type of data include, fequency distribution, the Bar Chart and a Pie Chart.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: 28.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Frequency_Distribution\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Frequency Distribution<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A frequency distribution is a tabular summary that shows non-overlapping classes or intervals of data entries with a count of the number of entries in each class. The frequency of a class is the number of data entries in the class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Table 2: Frequency Distribution Table for Soft Drinks<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.2pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">SOFT DRINK<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">FREQUENCY<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">RELATIVE FREQUENCY<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">PERCENT FREQUENCY<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">COKE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">FANTA<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">SPRITE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">TOTAL<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 14.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 14.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 14.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">100<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">From the table, we can infer that Coke was the most purchased brand of soft drink followed by Sprite, and Fanta was purchased the least.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The Relative Frequency of a class equals the fraction or proportion of items belonging to a class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A relative frequency distribution gives a tabular summary of data showing the relative frequency for each class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">Relative frequency=(Frequency of Class)\/(Total number of Observation)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The Percent Frequency of a class is the relative frequency multiplied by 100. A percent frequency distribution summarizes the percent frequency of the data for each class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: 27.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Bar Chart<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A bar chart (bar graph) is a graphical device for depicting categorical data summarized in a frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency distribution. Each category in the frequency distribution is represented by a bar or rectangle, and the picture is constructed in such a way that the area of each bar is proportional to the corresponding frequency or relative frequency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To construct a bar chart we mark the various categories on the horizontal axis and frequencies on the vertical axis. All categories are represented by intervals of the same width and we draw one bar for each category such that the height of the bar represents the frequency of the corresponding category. We leave a small gap between adjacent bars.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">In quality control applications, bar charts are used to identify the most important causes of problems. When the bars are arranged in descending order of height from left to right with the most frequently occurring cause appearing first, the bar chart is called a Pareto diagram. This diagram is named for its founder, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vilfredo_Pareto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vilfredo Pareto<\/a>, an Italian Economist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjdV1fvtvgnLZnEWprUOzZyL3iYoYUrfAVH0deUlVehPlCQXRjPjyTgNg6cYXtyV3AEWgNQP0fEC6d6P4CS9ZRrzi2NvNj2t7KjoxmNq80tkagJaO6WVddAbyVW13yOinjW8TstsdabIcr3hH0cfP_p4iaLf9E23qcN6X2reti5f5a1vE50OZ_9wzQb\/s758\/Bar%20Chart%20for%20Soft%20Drinks.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Bar Chart for Soft Drinks\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjdV1fvtvgnLZnEWprUOzZyL3iYoYUrfAVH0deUlVehPlCQXRjPjyTgNg6cYXtyV3AEWgNQP0fEC6d6P4CS9ZRrzi2NvNj2t7KjoxmNq80tkagJaO6WVddAbyVW13yOinjW8TstsdabIcr3hH0cfP_p4iaLf9E23qcN6X2reti5f5a1vE50OZ_9wzQb\/w640-h260\/Bar%20Chart%20for%20Soft%20Drinks.png?resize=640%2C260&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Bar Chart for Soft Drinks\" width=\"640\" height=\"260\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"309\" data-original-width=\"758\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The bar graphs for relative frequency and percentage distributions can be drawn simply by marking the relative frequencies or percentages, instead of the frequencies, on the vertical axis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo12; tab-stops: 27.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Pie_Chart\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Pie Chart<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A circle divided into portions that represent the relative frequencies or percentages of a population or a sample belonging to different categories is called a Pie Chart. A pie chart is more commonly used to display percentages, although it can be used to display frequencies or relative frequencies. The whole pie (or circle) represents the total <a href=\"https:\/\/kanyarwandamugisha.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/sampling-and-sampling-techniques.html\">sample<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/kanyarwandamugisha.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/terms-associated-with-statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population<\/a>. Then we divide the pie into different portions that represent the different categories.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">As we know, a circle contains 360 degrees. To construct a pie chart, we multiply 360 by the relative frequency of each category to obtain the degree measure or size of the angle for the corresponding category. For example, the category &#8220;very&#8221; occupies 0.33\u00d7360=119\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">degrees of a circle.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4PH_Cvu4A6hPnuegfLER8zk4bbIegmVTOI2V1Gr7J6gxiGfS3P9FXKmaDtQinzh541EWCSPWKTdPyNQEl8XtmXqeLK4aMNCWOkTWoCjsxoftwG9CMOgTckovpCwHH9WFYa1Id40ynZPWF6xinL_lBSx2m46XTlRQYq4fgY7ZVVoLtbFuYnuFYqwWQ\/s895\/Pie-Chart%20for%20Soft%20Drinks.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Pie-Chart for Soft Drinks\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4PH_Cvu4A6hPnuegfLER8zk4bbIegmVTOI2V1Gr7J6gxiGfS3P9FXKmaDtQinzh541EWCSPWKTdPyNQEl8XtmXqeLK4aMNCWOkTWoCjsxoftwG9CMOgTckovpCwHH9WFYa1Id40ynZPWF6xinL_lBSx2m46XTlRQYq4fgY7ZVVoLtbFuYnuFYqwWQ\/w400-h129\/Pie-Chart%20for%20Soft%20Drinks.jpg?resize=400%2C129&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Descriptive Statistics - Pie-Chart for Soft Drinks\" width=\"400\" height=\"129\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"289\" data-original-width=\"895\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-left: 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo13; text-indent: -36pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Presentation_of_Quantitative_Data\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Toc508489054;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><br \/>\nPresentation of Quantitative Data<\/span><\/b><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 32.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequency_distribution\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Frequency distribution<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">As defined earlier, a frequency distribution is a description of a variable providing a count of the number of cases that fall into each of the variable\u2019s categories. There are two types of frequency distributions, thus; ungrouped frequency distribution and grouped frequency distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 32.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> Ungrouped frequency distribution<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This distribution where the number of times the observation occurs appears separately. Consider the following set of data which are the Ages of 30 members of the women&#8217;s club. We wish to summarize this data by creating a frequency distribution of the ages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Table 3: Data set for ages of 30 women<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"height: 13.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"84\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"104\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"height: 11.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"84\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"104\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"height: 11.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"84\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"104\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"84\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"104\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;\">\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"84\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"104\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.7pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"84\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"104\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 11.45pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To create a frequency distribution from this data we proceed as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 32.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(i)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Identify the highest and lowest values in the data set. For our Age of women data the oldest is 51 and the youngest is 43.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 32.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(ii)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Create a column with the title of the variable we are using, in this case Age. Enter the highest score at the top, and include all values within the range from the highest score to the lowest score.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 32.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(iii) <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Create a tally column to keep track of the scores as you enter them into the frequency distribution. Once the frequency distribution is completed you can omit this column.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 32.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(iv)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Create a frequency column, with the frequency of each value, as show in the tally column, recorded.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 32.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(v)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The relative frequency and percent frequency can be calculated and presented as we did for categorical data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 25.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(vi)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">At the bottom of the frequency column record the total frequency for the distribution<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: 25.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(vii)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Enter the name of the frequency distribution at the top of the table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">If we applied these steps to the age data, we would have the following frequency distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Table 4: Frequency Distribution for age of women<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.2pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Age<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Tally<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Frequency<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Cumulative Frequency<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Relative Frequency<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Percentage Frequency<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">13.33<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 11.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.34%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.1%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 11.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 11.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">13.33<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\/\/\/\/<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">13.33<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 13.52%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Totals<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.02%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">30<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.58%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.04%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">100<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 25.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cumulative_Frequency_Distribution\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Cumulative Frequency Distribution<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Cumulative frequency can be defined as the sum of all previous frequencies up to the current point.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The cumulative frequency is calculated by adding each frequency from a frequency distribution table to the sum of its predecessors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The last value will always be equal to the total for all observations, since all frequencies will already have been added to the previous total.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The cumulative frequency for a given value can also be obtained by adding the frequency for the value to the cumulative value for the value below the given value. For example the cumulative frequency for 45 is 10 which is the cumulative frequency for 44 (6) plus the frequency for 45 (4). In summary then, to create a cumulative frequency distribution:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(i)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Create a frequency distribution and add a column entitled cumulative frequency<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(ii)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The cumulative frequency for each score is the frequency up to and including the frequency for that score.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(iii) <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The highest cumulative frequency should equal N (total of the frequency column).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Relative Frequency <\/b>of a class equals the fraction or proportion of items belonging to a class as defined for categorical data. A relative frequency distribution gives a tabular summary of data showing the relative frequency for each class. For example, the relative frequency of the women aged 45 is 0.133.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Relative frequency=(Frequency of Class)\/(Total number of Observations)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The Percent Frequency of a class is the relative frequency multiplied by 100. A percent frequency distribution summarizes the percent frequency of the data for each class. For example, the percentage frequency of the women aged 45 is 13.3%.<\/span><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Relative<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>frequency<\/m:r><m:r>=<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><m:f><m:fPr><span     style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     mso-fareast-font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:     EN-GB;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr><\/m:ctrlPr><\/span><\/m:fPr><m:num><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Frequency<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>of<\/m:r><m:r>     <\/m:r><m:r>Class<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:num><m:den><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:     normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ansi-language:     EN-GB'><m:r>Total<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>number<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>of<\/m:r><m:r>     <\/m:r><m:r>Observations<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:den><\/m:f><\/m:oMath><\/m:oMathPara><![endif]--><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 25.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Grouped_frequency_distribution\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Grouped frequency distribution<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This is where the number of times items appear is grouped and given a range. In some cases, it is necessary to group the values of the data to summarize the data properly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">For example, you wish to create a frequency distribution for the IQ scores in your class of 30 pupils. The IQ scores in your class range from 73 to 139. To include these scores in a frequency distribution you would need 67 different score values (73 up to 139). This would not summarize the data very much. To solve this problem we would group scores and create a grouped frequency distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Another example where data is usually reported as grouped frequencies is age. This is convenient if we want to make general statements about certain age groups such as the youth, young or the aged.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 117.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(a)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Guidelines for Creating Class Intervals<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Although we are not following these strict guidelines in creating class intervals for grouped frequency distributions, you may wish to know what they are helpful.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(i)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Determine the number of non-overlapping classes: There should be approximately 5 to 20 mutually exclusive class intervals. &#8220;Mutually exclusive&#8221; means that a score can belong to only one class interval. Two non-mutually exclusive class intervals would be 45-49 and 47- 51 since the scores 47, 48, and 49 could belong to either class interval<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(ii)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Determine the width (size) of each class: The size of the class interval can also be determined based on the required number of class intervals. This can be estimated as:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Approximate class size=Range\/(Required number of class intervals)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Approximate<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>class<\/m:r><m:r>   <\/m:r><m:r>size<\/m:r><m:r>=<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><m:f><m:fPr><span     style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     mso-fareast-font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:     EN-GB;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr><\/m:ctrlPr><\/span><\/m:fPr><m:num><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Range<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:num><m:den><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Required<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>number<\/m:r><m:r>     <\/m:r><m:r>of<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>class<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>intervals<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:den><\/m:f><\/m:oMath><\/m:oMathPara><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Where the range is defined as Largest data value -Smallest data value<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">. The class interval size should be equal for all class intervals<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(iii)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Determine the class limits:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Lower Class Limit<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: Identifies the smallest possible data value assigned to a class. The lower limit of each class interval should be a multiple of the class interval size.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Upper class Limit<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: Identifies the largest possible data value assigned to a class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Stated Limits<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: these are the given limits. They are also known as empirical limits because they are the ones that the researcher creates based on their best judgement For example,if you state the class as 10-14, this will encampass the lowest value of 12 as given in table 3.5. Since the stated limits make sure that classes are mutually exclusive, they might omit some values such as 14.5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">True Limits<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: This is theoretically the lowest or highest value that can be assigned to an interval. They are found by adding 0.5 to the stated upper limit and subtracting 0.5 from the stated lower limit of a class. In the above example, the true limits would be 10.5-14.5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The size of the class interval<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> is the difference between the True Upper Limit and the True Lower Limit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(b)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Reasons for computing True Limits<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Avoidance of gaps between the class intervals when dealing with continuous data, such as weight, age, height, temperature and so on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Avoidance of ambiguity when assigning cases to ensure mutual exclusivity of classes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Ensure accuracy in computing certain statistics measures such as the median, mode, mean, and measures of variability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 117.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(c)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>Concept of the class Mid-Point<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; tab-stops: dashed 114.65pt 120.4pt 169.1pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The class Mid-Point is simply the middle value of a particular class interval. It is calculated as\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: left;\">Mid-point=(True Lower Limit+True Lower limit)\/2.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">It is important to calculate the Class Mid-Point because it is needed to calculate the numerical measures of grouped data such as the Mean. It is also used in the construction of the Frequency Polygon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Example 3<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Consider the age of 20 members of the Small Christian Community who participated in voting for the church leadership. We wish to summarize this data by creating a frequency distribution of the age.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Table 5: Data set for ages of 20 members of St. John\u2019s Small Christian Community<\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54%px;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.35pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"height: 13.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.9%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 13.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.86%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"42%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"height: 12.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.9%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.86%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"42%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.9%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.86%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"42%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.9%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.86%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"42%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.9%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.42%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 12.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.86%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"42%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: 31.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(i)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Number of classes<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: Specify the number of classes that will be used to group the data. Since the recommended is 5-20 classes, we can choose the minimum of five since our sample is small.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: 31.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(ii)<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Size of the classes<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: using the formula, the approximate class size is:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: 31.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Approximate class size=Range\/(Required number of class intervals)=(33-12)\/5\u22484<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; tab-stops: 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Approximate<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>class<\/m:r><m:r>   <\/m:r><m:r>size<\/m:r><m:r>=<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><m:f><m:fPr><span     style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     mso-fareast-font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:     EN-GB;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr><\/m:ctrlPr><\/span><\/m:fPr><m:num><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Range<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:num><m:den><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Required<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>number<\/m:r><m:r>     <\/m:r><m:r>of<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>class<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>intervals<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:den><\/m:f><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>=<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><m:f><m:fPr><span     style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     mso-fareast-font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:     EN-GB;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr><\/m:ctrlPr><\/span><\/m:fPr><m:num><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>33-12<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:num><m:den><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>5<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:den><\/m:f><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>\u22484<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:oMath><\/m:oMathPara><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 31.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">(ii)<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Class Limits:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> As stated above, we choose the class limits in such a way that data belong to one and only one class. Since 12 is the smallest value, it should be included in the first class interval and 33 is the largest value and should be included in the last class. In this example, we can start with 10 as our Lower Class Limit of the first class. With a class size of 5, the classes would be 10-14,15-19, 20-24, 25-29,30-34.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Table 6: Grouped Frequency for ages of 20 members of St. John&#8217;s Small Christian Community<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100%px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.9pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Age Group<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Midpoint(x)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">rf<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">%f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">cf<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">rcf<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">%cf<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10-14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">15-19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20-24<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.85<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">25-29<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.95<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">30-34<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">0.05<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.54%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Grand Total<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.66%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">20<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.38%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">100<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 7.44%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.36%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 9.82%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 94.4pt 304.35pt 334.25pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0Class Mid-point=(True Lower Limit+True Lower limit)\/2=(9.5+14.5)\/2=12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 94.4pt 304.35pt 334.25pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">for the first class. We add the class size to the preceding midpoint to get the rest.<\/span><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>Class<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>Mid<\/m:r><m:r>-<\/m:r><m:r>point<\/m:r><m:r>=<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><m:f><m:fPr><span     style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     mso-fareast-font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:     EN-GB;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr><\/m:ctrlPr><\/span><\/m:fPr><m:num><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>True<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>Lower<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>Limit<\/m:r><m:r>+<\/m:r><m:r>True<\/m:r><m:r>     <\/m:r><m:r>Lower<\/m:r><m:r> <\/m:r><m:r>limit<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:num><m:den><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>2<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:den><\/m:f><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>=<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><m:f><m:fPr><span     style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     mso-fareast-font-family:\"Microsoft Sans Serif\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";     color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:     EN-GB;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr><\/m:ctrlPr><\/span><\/m:fPr><m:num><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>9.5+14.5<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:num><m:den><i     style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;     mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>2<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:den><\/m:f><i   style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif;   mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><m:r>=12<\/m:r><\/span><\/i><\/m:oMath><\/m:oMathPara><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Relative frequency and percent frequency are calculated as demonstrated in the example for ungrouped data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The cumulative frequency column shows the number of data items with values less than or equal to the upper class limit of each class as defined earlier. For example, 17 members or 85% are below or equal to 24 years old.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Graphical_Presentation_of_Quantitative_Data\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Graphical Presentation of Quantitative Data<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo13; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Histogram\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Histogram<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 27.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A histogram is similar to the common bar graph but it is used to represent data at the interval or ratio level of measurement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The histogram can be constructed for data previously summarized as either a frequency, relative frequency or percent frequency distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">There is need to convert the class limits into true class limits since the data is continuous. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Using the above data we have the following histogram.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Figure 3: Histogram showing forages of 20 members of St John&#8217;s Small Christian Community<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOlbj8A3kqdlpZAtVbHjxmB3Ni7pVel7hD2xfgM_Pje1FuD-pfQIUfwTfL2IcDqas4ZrSKvwo-SJAN6OaM6KA6yzMe1k-uOXnf22UmbS3MddEF3PM3fXXSByIcmpZynlnJ8SoNhp4ft3NvLUOgEo005NAC_0B2vvlGwlNXFfQH5jOqE3TITsCBMc8I\/s626\/Histogram.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Histogram\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOlbj8A3kqdlpZAtVbHjxmB3Ni7pVel7hD2xfgM_Pje1FuD-pfQIUfwTfL2IcDqas4ZrSKvwo-SJAN6OaM6KA6yzMe1k-uOXnf22UmbS3MddEF3PM3fXXSByIcmpZynlnJ8SoNhp4ft3NvLUOgEo005NAC_0B2vvlGwlNXFfQH5jOqE3TITsCBMc8I\/w640-h242\/Histogram.png?resize=640%2C242&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Descriptive Statistics - Histogram\" width=\"640\" height=\"242\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"237\" data-original-width=\"626\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequency_Polygon\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Frequency Polygon<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A frequency polygon is a curve resulting from plotting the class mid-points on the x-axis and the frequency on the y-axis. It helps us determine the shape of distribution for the data. Another way of drawing the frequency polygon is by superimposing the line on the top centre of each bar of the histogram. Using the data for members of the Small Christian Community above;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhI9tcnXBi4nIyPmf4RQVpF1RoNpcFY1kHOOnVzPK2DyJI8YmktvvsKeyoUU4uOThntiCLj4EaMvQ0fE861Gjp9Qp8i5OtJJHlHRnRFPsblHv_Vlg2QyeCXgA-xZtb3LuBhsBGJ-cNSaC6_BrEMnV6X2JUqnPL8p8T6vo-BGL4qtyTP0Di5ei5DzcDz\/s645\/frequency%20polygon.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Frequency polygon\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhI9tcnXBi4nIyPmf4RQVpF1RoNpcFY1kHOOnVzPK2DyJI8YmktvvsKeyoUU4uOThntiCLj4EaMvQ0fE861Gjp9Qp8i5OtJJHlHRnRFPsblHv_Vlg2QyeCXgA-xZtb3LuBhsBGJ-cNSaC6_BrEMnV6X2JUqnPL8p8T6vo-BGL4qtyTP0Di5ei5DzcDz\/w640-h272\/frequency%20polygon.png?resize=640%2C272&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"frequency polygon\" width=\"640\" height=\"272\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"274\" data-original-width=\"645\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\">\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 29.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cumulative_Frequency_Curve_Ogive_Curve\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive Curve)<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Cumulative frequencies of a distribution can also be plotted as a graph. The curve that results by plotting these is called the Ogive Curve. Since the cumulative frequencies can either be &#8216;less than\u2019 or \u2018more than\u2019 type, there are two type of Ogives called &#8216;less than&#8217; type and &#8216;more than&#8217; type Ogive. The value of median and other partition values can be located from the ogives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Less than Ogive<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: The less than cumulative frequencies are in ascending order. The cumulative frequency of each class is plotted against the upper limit of the class interval in this type of ogive and then various points are joined by straight line.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">More than Ogive:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> The cumulative frequencies in this type are in the descending order. The cumulative frequency of each class is plotted against the lower limit of the class interval.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\">\n<table style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEimWNbHlkMZGnuAEkyRP73fap6x-SlZ8g6PYf1RlwfxnIgDqZXxmNB3IwiEjZ6V3vvlarCsDwkqFjUeQStWl5PWgCeDZif1SknPvbZmpVzAbrxq7qfdtEwmPPWBRySJRI2zQESwhSihuGqTe8JH0015Q8La4cGwb9LjMpm0hN0nF0gTU28bB5JZAfwd\/s631\/Cumulative%20Frequency%20Curve%20%28Ogive%20Curve%29.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive Curve)\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEimWNbHlkMZGnuAEkyRP73fap6x-SlZ8g6PYf1RlwfxnIgDqZXxmNB3IwiEjZ6V3vvlarCsDwkqFjUeQStWl5PWgCeDZif1SknPvbZmpVzAbrxq7qfdtEwmPPWBRySJRI2zQESwhSihuGqTe8JH0015Q8La4cGwb9LjMpm0hN0nF0gTU28bB5JZAfwd\/w400-h191\/Cumulative%20Frequency%20Curve%20%28Ogive%20Curve%29.png?resize=400%2C191&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive Curve)\" width=\"400\" height=\"191\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"301\" data-original-width=\"631\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Less than Cumulative Distribution Curve for Age of 20 members<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Dot_Plot\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">4.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Dot Plot<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This is a graph where the horizontal axis shows the range of the data and each value is represented by a dot above the axis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">If we use the data for ages of 20 members of St. John\u2019s Small Christian Community; we have the following Dot-Plot.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEga2i8hzV1UReAcx61g8TmcV36khEl4jL3VyFOT1ui-JFlJMnYGRv_EjQify-DSlzaFdTi2eK-LMCFsCbnGJ6SxXKZfEkJvcipKpbmRz4boQYv7fW_HxHEUhzEU-5s3VJ8yB5FIYxNsUntjx5dReth-d9osvSv1zngBtKSFcHVrk678QsFkLr3bjwf_\/s558\/Dot%20Plot%20for%20Age%20of%2020%20members.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Dot Plot for Age of 20 members\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEga2i8hzV1UReAcx61g8TmcV36khEl4jL3VyFOT1ui-JFlJMnYGRv_EjQify-DSlzaFdTi2eK-LMCFsCbnGJ6SxXKZfEkJvcipKpbmRz4boQYv7fW_HxHEUhzEU-5s3VJ8yB5FIYxNsUntjx5dReth-d9osvSv1zngBtKSFcHVrk678QsFkLr3bjwf_\/w640-h106\/Dot%20Plot%20for%20Age%20of%2020%20members.png?resize=640%2C106&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Dot Plot for Age of 20 members\" width=\"640\" height=\"106\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"93\" data-original-width=\"558\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The three most important descriptive statistics applied in educational Psychology are Measures of central tendency, Measures of variability and Correlation coefficient<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":110,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[180,71],"class_list":["post-931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educational-statistics","tag-descriptive-statistics","tag-educational-psychology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Descriptive-Statistics.png?fit=1500%2C1000&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":933,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/2-types-of-statistics-applied-in-educational-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":931,"position":0},"title":"2 Types of Statistics Applied in Educational Psychology","author":"centreforelites","date":"November 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"There are two basic types of statistics used in all areas of research, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. (i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Descriptive statistics: This consists of methods for organizing, displaying, and describing data by using tables, graphs, and numerical measures. Most of the statistical information in newspapers, magazines, company reports, and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Educational Statistics&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Statistics","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-statistics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Types of Statistics","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Types-of-Statistics.png?fit=685%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Types-of-Statistics.png?fit=685%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Types-of-Statistics.png?fit=685%2C488&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":934,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/terms-associated-with-statistics\/","url_meta":{"origin":931,"position":1},"title":"Terms associated with statistics","author":"centreforelites","date":"November 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data and drawing conclusions from it. It is the application of mathematical principles to the collection, analysis, and presentation of data. \u00a0 Data are the values (measurements or observations) that the variables can assume. When data is collected\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Educational Statistics&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Statistics","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-statistics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Terms associated with statistics","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Terms-associated-with-statistics.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Terms-associated-with-statistics.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Terms-associated-with-statistics.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Terms-associated-with-statistics.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Terms-associated-with-statistics.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1021,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":931,"position":2},"title":"Educational Psychology. Definition and Nature","author":"centreforelites","date":"September 29, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Educational Psychology is the branch of Psychology that specially explores the understanding of teaching and learning in educational settings. 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This is because a teacher who has skills and knowledge in psychology will be able to manage his\/her classroom effectively. Besides, knowledge of psychology is a sine-quo-non to successful teaching-learning activities. 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