{"id":934,"date":"2022-11-03T22:15:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T20:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/terms-associated-with-statistics\/"},"modified":"2023-04-25T17:41:02","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T15:41:02","slug":"terms-associated-with-statistics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/terms-associated-with-statistics\/","title":{"rendered":"Terms associated with statistics"},"content":{"rendered":"

Statistics<\/a> is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data and drawing conclusions from it. It is the application of mathematical principles to the collection, analysis, and presentation of data<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Terms<\/a><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Data <\/span><\/b>are the values (measurements or observations) that the variables can assume. When data is collected in its original form, it is called raw data <\/i><\/b>or unprocessed information<\/i><\/b>. When data is ordered, it is called a data array<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Variable<\/span><\/b> is a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values. The variable can be independent or dependent.<\/span><\/p>\n

An independent variable<\/b> is one that can be manipulated by the researcher during the experiment while the dependent variable<\/b> is the factor that is expected to be affected or influenced by the independent variable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Two concepts of statistics are also related to the sample and population, thus parameter and statistic.<\/span><\/p>\n

(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Population <\/span><\/b>consist of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are being studied or a universal set of subjects (human or otherwise) under consideration. For example, Tehila, a Grade 9A pupil at St Mary\u2019s Secondary School could be drawn from a population of either Grade 9A or all Grade 9 classes at St Mary\u2019s School. A sample<\/a><\/b>is a group of subjects selected from a population.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>A Parameter is a numerical description of a population characteristic.<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) <\/span>A Statistic is a numerical description of a sample characteristic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Frequency<\/span><\/b>: In any population two or more members may have the same value. For example, the height (to the nearest cm) of several members of a school may be the same. The number of members with the same value is known as the frequency and is generally denoted by f Frequency Distributions This is a table that summarises how often each score on a test occurs.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data and drawing conclusions from it. It is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":110,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[71,76],"class_list":["post-934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educational-statistics","tag-educational-psychology","tag-research-methodology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Terms-associated-with-statistics.webp?fit=1300%2C773&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":933,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/2-types-of-statistics-applied-in-educational-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":934,"position":0},"title":"2 Types of Statistics Applied in Educational Psychology","author":"centreforelites","date":"November 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"There are two basic types of statistics used in all areas of research, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. (i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Descriptive statistics: This consists of methods for organizing, displaying, and describing data by using tables, graphs, and numerical measures. Most of the statistical information in newspapers, magazines, company reports, and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Educational Statistics"","block_context":{"text":"Educational Statistics","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-statistics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Types of Statistics","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Types-of-Statistics.png?fit=685%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Types-of-Statistics.png?fit=685%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Types-of-Statistics.png?fit=685%2C488&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":931,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/descriptive-statistics\/","url_meta":{"origin":934,"position":1},"title":"Descriptive Statistics Applied in Educational Psychology","author":"centreforelites","date":"November 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The three most important descriptive statistics applied in educational Psychology are Measures of central tendency, Measures of variability and Correlation coefficient","rel":"","context":"In "Educational Statistics"","block_context":{"text":"Educational Statistics","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-statistics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Descriptive Statistics Applied in Educational Psychology","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Descriptive-Statistics.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Descriptive-Statistics.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Descriptive-Statistics.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Descriptive-Statistics.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Descriptive-Statistics.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1103,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/data-collection-and-analysis-in-pragmatics\/","url_meta":{"origin":934,"position":2},"title":"Data collection and Analysis in Pragmatics","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 6, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0In this article, we shall be examining how to do data collection and analysis of your data. Remember that data is what you are going to test to either prove your hypothesis or consider it false. In case you are working with research questions, your data will enable you to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "English Language"","block_context":{"text":"English Language","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/english-language\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":772,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-food-security-information\/","url_meta":{"origin":934,"position":3},"title":"The Food Security Information","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 18, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Data Collection and Dissemination The Central Statistical Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives play a critical role in the collection, processing and dissemination of early warning information for food security, Methods for Collection of Food Security information Food security information is mostly generated from primary sources through field\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blog"","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Food Security Information","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Food-Security-Information.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Food-Security-Information.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Food-Security-Information.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Food-Security-Information.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":932,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/sampling-and-sampling-techniques\/","url_meta":{"origin":934,"position":4},"title":"Sampling and Sampling Techniques","author":"centreforelites","date":"November 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Sampling is a statistical method of obtaining representative data or information from a population. Sampling is used when a census, collecting data from every unit or person in a population","rel":"","context":"In "Educational Statistics"","block_context":{"text":"Educational Statistics","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-statistics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Sampling and Sampling Techniques","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Quantitative_Research_Methodology_Sample_Ppt_PowerPoint_Presentation_Professional_Microsoft_Slide_1-.jpg?fit=560%2C420&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Quantitative_Research_Methodology_Sample_Ppt_PowerPoint_Presentation_Professional_Microsoft_Slide_1-.jpg?fit=560%2C420&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Quantitative_Research_Methodology_Sample_Ppt_PowerPoint_Presentation_Professional_Microsoft_Slide_1-.jpg?fit=560%2C420&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1068,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/4-scales-of-measurement-in-quantitative-research\/","url_meta":{"origin":934,"position":5},"title":"4 SCALES OF MEASUREMENT IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 15, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0The scales of measurement refer to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable. Scales of Measurement are so important that, first, in the sense that knowing the level of measurement helps you decide how to interpret the data from that variable. When one\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Research Methodology"","block_context":{"text":"Research Methodology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/research-methodology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"SCALES OF MEASUREMENT","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SCALES-OF-MEASUREMENT.png?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SCALES-OF-MEASUREMENT.png?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SCALES-OF-MEASUREMENT.png?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SCALES-OF-MEASUREMENT.png?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SCALES-OF-MEASUREMENT.png?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=934"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1734,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934\/revisions\/1734"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=934"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=934"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=934"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}