{"id":938,"date":"2022-11-03T21:48:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T19:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master\/"},"modified":"2023-06-02T11:28:04","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T09:28:04","slug":"educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master\/","title":{"rendered":"Educational assessment. 2 Facts to Master"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Educational assessment is defined as the process by which the quality of an individual&#8217;s work or performance is judged. In Zambian Schools, assessment of learning is usually carried out by teachers on the basis of impressions gained as they observe their pupils at work or by various kinds of work and tests given periodically. When different tests are given as an on-going process, such assessment is known as continuous assessment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/5\/16\/15\/educational-assessment-assessment-for-learning-teacher-png-favpng-M6AUyp7nUMUs8aVXV06cTJ4JB.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Educational assessment\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/5\/16\/15\/educational-assessment-assessment-for-learning-teacher-png-favpng-M6AUyp7nUMUs8aVXV06cTJ4JB.jpg?resize=640%2C640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Educational assessment\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"800\" data-original-width=\"800\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Child (1973) defines assessment as an omnibus term which includes all the processes and products which describe the nature and extent of the child&#8217;s learning, its degree of correspondence with the aims and objectives of teaching and its relationship with the environments which are designed to facilitate learning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.centreforelites.com\/en\/4-types-of-evaluation-used-in-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluation <\/a>on the other hand, is what follows once an assessment has been made. It involves the judgement about the effectiveness and worth of something for which the assessment has already been made &#8211; usually a teaching objective. <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/master-monitoring-and-evaluation-in-5-minutes\/\">Evaluation<\/a> in the context of education is a process used to obtain information from testing, from direct observations of behaviour, from essays and from other devices to assess a student&#8217;s overall progress towards some pre-determined goals or objectives. It includes both a qualitative and a quantitative description and involves a value judgement or overall student&#8217;s behaviour.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d8bac3e0611\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d8bac3e0611\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master\/#_PURPOSE_OF_ASSESSMENT\" >\u00a0PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master\/#TYPES_OF_ASSESSMENTS\" >TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master\/#Role_of_Formative_Assessment\" >Role of Formative Assessment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-assessment-2-facts-to-master\/#Principles_of_Continuous_Assessment\" >Principles of Continuous Assessment<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_PURPOSE_OF_ASSESSMENT\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Assessment is founded on following purposes:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To discover the knowledge and skills possessed by someone before embarking on a learning task. This is done through pre-task assessment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To assess the progress and <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of knowledge and skills during the process of learning. Formative assessment is suitable for this kind of work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To locate particular difficulties in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. Diagnostic or remedial assessment is quite effective in this area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">4.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To measure the outcome of learning. Summative assessment plays a major role in this direction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">5.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">One of the teacher&#8217;s objectives in his\/her teaching, amongst others, is to stimulate the acquisition, understanding and application of knowledge. It therefore seems perfectly reasonable and desirable that the teacher should also want to explore the extent to which these objectives have been achieved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">6.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Beyond the classroom there are employers and professions who require some assurances about the level of competences reached by prospective students or pupils. These assurances must be expressed as accurately as possible and in terms which are readily and easily understood by all the people concerned. For example, examination marks in high schools are used to provide one such criterion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">7.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To foster learning and improve teaching<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">8.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To motivate the learners and learning process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">9.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To evaluate the teaching and learning process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 42.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">10.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To help build a positive and realistic self-image.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 43.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">11.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To provide information to parents about the achievements of their children. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 43.85pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 43.85pt; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TYPES_OF_ASSESSMENTS\"><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; tab-stops: 41.05pt; text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"bookmark9\"><\/a><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Formative Assessment<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This is when assessment gives information and evidence about learners learning. Formative assessment is an on-going process. Observations are made and information is collected about the learners.<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The information collected is used to guide the teachers and the learners, help them and direct the teaching and learning. Formative assessment can be both formal and informal<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Formative_Assessment\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Role of Formative Assessment<\/span><\/i><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -108pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>i.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To motivate the learners extend their knowledge and skill and establish sound values.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: 38.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -108pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>ii.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To provide healthy habits of study<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: 38.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -108pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>iii.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To help learners solve problems by using what they have learned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: 39.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -108pt;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>iv.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">To help the teacher improve teaching methods and learning materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; tab-stops: 41.3pt; text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"bookmark11\"><\/a><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">B.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Summative Assessment<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This sums up progress and achievement of the learners. Summative Assessment consists of both continuous assessment and formal assessment.<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; tab-stops: 41.3pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">C.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Criterion-Referenced Assessment: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This type of assessment gives specific information about what an individual learner knows, understands and can do regardless of the performance of others. In short, it measures the learner&#8217;s performance against pre-determined expectations. It focuses on what a learner can do or not do in relation to a given objective.<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The diploma programme stresses the use of criterion-referenced level of achievement in relation to the basic competencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Percentage marks must be related to criteria for assessing a learner&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/kanyarwandamugisha.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/achievement-motivation-theory-need-for.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">achievement<\/a>. These criteria are meant to measure the learner&#8217;s performance clearly. Example: 50% is passing mark for primary schools and 40% is a passing mark for Tertiary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; tab-stops: 41.05pt; text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"bookmark13\"><\/a><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">D.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Norm-Reference Assessment<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This is when you compare a learner&#8217;s performance against the performance of the class as a whole. Certain &#8220;norms&#8221; are established and the learners are judged against those norms and classified according to the set norm or the performance as &#8220;pass&#8221; or &#8220;fail&#8221;.<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">N.B:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> The grade seven external examinations for instance are both summative and norm-referenced. The performance of each candidate is judged against those who take the examination that year. The average performance of the pupils is taken into account. Cut-off points can be determined by each province.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; tab-stops: 41.05pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">E.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Informal Continuous Assessment: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">This is when you assess and record the progress of the learners as you teach. This is normally structured in a subjective way. What this means is that the progress can be gathered from a number of situations in the classroom.<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; tab-stops: 41.05pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">F.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Formal Continuous Assessment: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">In this case an assessment situation is set up. An activity is organized to specifically assess certain competences in the learners. This can be done through projects, presentations, tests, puzzles, etc.<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Principles_of_Continuous_Assessment\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Principles of Continuous Assessment<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">1.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>It should be based on the basic competences contained in the syllabus and should relate to the real life of the learners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 38.65pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">2.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>It should go beyond the recall of knowledge<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 38.9pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">3.<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>It should monitor progress in relation to the learning outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Educational assessment is defined as the process by which the quality of an individual&#8217;s work or performance is judged. In Zambian Schools, assessment of learning is usually carried out by teachers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":111,"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[71],"class_list":["post-938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-measurement-and-evaluation","tag-educational-psychology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-8460030.jpeg?fit=1880%2C1253&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2113,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-4-types-of-evaluation-in-education-a-comprehensive-overview\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":0},"title":"The 4 Types of Evaluation in Education. A Comprehensive Overview","author":"centreforelites","date":"January 14, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In this post, we'll be delving into the commonly applied types of evaluation in education used in all academic settings, each serving a unique purpose.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Educational Management&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Management","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-management\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"The 4 Types of Evaluation in Education. 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Role of The Educational psychologist in the community","author":"centreforelites","date":"November 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The role of the educational psychologist is varied in regard the activities engaged in, the focus of work and the populations being worked with\/alongside.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Educational Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"The Role of The Educational psychologist in the community","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/The-Role-of-The-Educational-psychologist-in-the-community.webp?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/The-Role-of-The-Educational-psychologist-in-the-community.webp?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, 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studying individual differences involving academic achievement and aptitude","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Measurement and Evaluation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Measurement and Evaluation","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/measurement-and-evaluation\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2936,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/educational-psychology-and-sociology-definitions-and-importance-in-teaching-and-learning\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":3},"title":"Educational Psychology and Sociology: Definitions and Importance in Teaching and Learning","author":"centreforelites","date":"February 24, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"This article will define educational psychology and sociology, and discuss their importance in teaching and learning.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Educational Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/educational-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Educational Psychology and Sociology: Definitions and Importance in Teaching and Learning","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-photo-7407111.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-photo-7407111.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-photo-7407111.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-photo-7407111.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-photo-7407111.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":760,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-concept-of-educational-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":4},"title":"The Concept of Educational Psychology","author":"centreforelites","date":"April 18, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The relevance of Educational Psychology in the classroom can not be over-emphasized. This is because a teacher who has skills and knowledge in psychology will be able to manage his\/her classroom effectively. Besides, knowledge of psychology is a sine-quo-non to successful teaching-learning activities. What Is Educational Psychology Educational Psychology is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"The concept of Educational Psychology","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Educational-Psychology.jpg?fit=820%2C430&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Educational-Psychology.jpg?fit=820%2C430&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Educational-Psychology.jpg?fit=820%2C430&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Educational-Psychology.jpg?fit=820%2C430&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1137,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-concept-of-educational-psychology-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":5},"title":"The Concept of Educational Psychology","author":"centreforelites","date":"March 20, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0The relevance of Educational Psychology in the classroom can not be over-emphasized. This is because a teacher who has skills and knowledge\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 in psychology will be able to manage his\/her classroom effectively. Besides, knowledge of psychology is a\u00a0sine-quo-non to successful teaching-learning activities.What Is Educational PsychologyEducational Psychology is an integral part\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/category\/psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Educational Psychology","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/8\/20\/5\/educational-psychology-clinical-psychology-social-psychology-png-favpng-bxDfM78JquNVvYMee6jjvFArJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/8\/20\/5\/educational-psychology-clinical-psychology-social-psychology-png-favpng-bxDfM78JquNVvYMee6jjvFArJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/8\/20\/5\/educational-psychology-clinical-psychology-social-psychology-png-favpng-bxDfM78JquNVvYMee6jjvFArJ.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=938"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1752,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions\/1752"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}