{"id":1032,"date":"2022-04-21T23:19:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T21:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/self-identity-and-career-development\/"},"modified":"2023-07-17T13:56:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T11:56:49","slug":"self-identity-and-career-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/","title":{"rendered":"SELF-IDENTITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d92d6cf0d13\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d92d6cf0d13\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#_INTRODUCTION\" >&nbsp;INTRODUCTION<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#MEANING_OF_CAREER_DEVELOPMENT\" >MEANING OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#_MEANING_OF_SELF-IDENTITY\" >&nbsp;MEANING OF SELF-IDENTITY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#CAREER_ANCHORS\" >CAREER ANCHORS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#CAREER_CYCLE\" >CAREER CYCLE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#Career_Plans\" >Career Plans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#SELF-ASSESSMENT_AND_CAREER_PLANNING\" >SELF-ASSESSMENT AND CAREER PLANNING<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#The_Big_Five_Personality_Factors\" >The Big Five Personality Factors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/self-identity-and-career-development\/#CONCLUSION\" >CONCLUSION<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_INTRODUCTION\"><\/span>&nbsp;INTRODUCTION<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In agrarian societies hard work by individuals was the key to success. But in industrial societies individuals gain success through efforts within the structure of companies. Today, most people spend the great part of their life in pursuit of a career in industries and <a href=\"https:\/\/motivemeaning.blogspot.com\/2022\/04\/meaning-of-industrialorganisational.html\">organisations<\/a>. Much of that period of their lives is spent much in ignorance of what their abilities are and which career could best suit those abilities. Primarily mismatch of abilities with career is a major cause of dissatisfaction in both career and life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If work began, since the era of scientific management, to be classified and broken down to duties, tasks, working conditions, hazards and responsibilities and roles assigned on the basis of abilities, knowledge and skills, the need for insight into ones abilities, strengths and weaknesses needed for career success is crucial. There are existing theories that can give insight into the fit between man and job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MEANING_OF_CAREER_DEVELOPMENT\"><\/span>MEANING OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ1SFtzC-VXAw6EtWmznTu_tuwXEWR4le6y1g&amp;usqp=CAU\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ1SFtzC-VXAw6EtWmznTu_tuwXEWR4le6y1g&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"SELF-IDENTITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT\" title=\"MEANING OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark901\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <b>career <\/b>is ones particular area of work within a series of jobs. The work usually involves more responsibility as time passes. One can pursue a teaching\/academic career, career in medicine or politics. What one does over a period of time becomes ones\u2019 career.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Development<\/a> <\/b>is a dynamic construct implying gradual <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">growth<\/a>, or increase or advancement. A career according to Fajana (2002) is the pattern or sequence of work roles of an individual. A career is not simply moving up a career ladder within ones organisation. It is a sequence of work related experiences that people participate in over the life span of their working lives. A person\u2019s career might include moving up the corporate ladder (vertically up) or moving across the organization (i.e. laterally) or may involve changing jobs or occupation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Career <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> <\/b>is situated within organizational environment, where it involves levels of employees who are individually responsible for <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">growth<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of their career. <a href=\"https:\/\/motivemeaning.blogspot.com\/2022\/04\/meaning-of-industrialorganisational.html\">Organizations<\/a> do however formulate career <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> policies which determine how talents are sourced, utilized, upgraded and discarded. Effective career <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> has been said to improve employee satisfaction and self-esteem, minimizes stress, and strengthens the employees\u2019 psychological and physical health. Effective career <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> is also of benefit to the organization as well as the individual employee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_MEANING_OF_SELF-IDENTITY\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark914;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark912;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark911;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark914;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark912;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark911;\">MEANING OF SELF-IDENTITY<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark914\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The self is both a simple and complex concept. It is more than a mental construct located in your head &#8211; It is you, a <i>social being<\/i> with ability to engage in <a href=\"https:\/\/familyconnect.org\/multiple-disabilities\/communication\/alternative-methods-of-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>symbolic communication<\/i> <\/a>and <i>self awareness.<\/i> Often we ask the question who am I? Who am I relative to others? What is my purpose in life? Aristotle, a Greek Philosopher once said that \u201cthe unexamined life is not worth living\u201d This applied in the content of self could have read that the unexamined self is not worth being a self!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/destinysodyssey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Self-Identity-Personal-Identity.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/destinysodyssey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Self-Identity-Personal-Identity.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"SELF-IDENTITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT\" title=\"MEANING OF SELF-IDENTITY\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The question, who am I, is definitely that of a desire to find or fix an identity. A quest to anchor ones \u2019 personality or self upon some definite ideas of success\/ failure, meaningfulness \/ non-meaningfulness, or simply to see oneself in retrospect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><u>Exercise l:<\/u> Pick a sheet of paper, on the left column, number 1 to 20 and beginning each sentence with the statement \u201cI am\u201d, make a list of up to twenty different responses to the question \u201cwho am I? \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Easy to do? Perhaps not so! Psychologists have used this type of procedure to understand how we develop our sense of identity. Three issues are important in the earlier definition of self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark915\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><i>That the self is a social being.<\/i> The self do not develop in isolation but relative to certain relevant others, That is, the self evolves within a social context. The social context includes father, mother, and siblings as member of the nuclear family. Also uncles, cousins, nieces, nephews and\/ immediate neighbours often form the nucleus of our early life interactions and do rob off on our sense of self. The nature and kind of interaction produces unique attributes of individualism or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communalism_(South_Asia)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">communalism<\/a>(collectivism) depending on how broad or narrow the nexus of interaction is. The African child does often evolve into a communal being because of the extended family system, while the American child is individualistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark916\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><i>Self as a symbol using agent.<\/i> This implies the self as a \u201cmeaning seeking\u201d agent\/meaningful object. He categorises his enveloping environment of living and non-living entities by assigning symbols that assists in understanding, planning and coordinating his activities. Symbol usage also assists in regulating our behaviour as well as in anticipating the actions of others. The <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> and use of language has also assist in assigning meaning and value to the environment in which he lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark917\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><i>Self-awareness<\/i>. The self exist relative to others. Self-awareness provides knowledge about own behaviour, and encourages the use of insight from inner experiences to anticipate how rivals might behave in the future &#8211; in war or social engagements &#8211; thus giving advantage in the activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the whole, the self is not a \u2018thing\u2019 distinct or separate from the person. We do not <i>possess<\/i> a self or <i>have<\/i> a self; rather we <i>become<\/i> a self through <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">maturation<\/a> and socialization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><i>What is assessment<\/i>? It means to examines, form an opinion or make judgment about after careful consideration. Another word for assessment is <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/master-monitoring-and-evaluation-in-5-minutes\/\">evaluation<\/a>. Self-assessment therefore is careful examination of self, with respect to certain salient expectations (of success or failure) or values, or beliefs especially those held by one with respect to either common opinions of significant others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAREER_ANCHORS\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark921;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark919;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark918;\">CAREER ANCHORS<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark921\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are reasons behind choice of career by individuals. An individual\u2019s career choice according to Schein (1978) is informed by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark922\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><a href=\"https:\/\/motivemeaning.blogspot.com\/2022\/02\/the-concept-of-motivation.html\">Motivation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark923\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Self-perceived talents and abilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark924\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Self-perceived motive and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark925\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">4.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Self-perceived attitudes and values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark926\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">5.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Technical\/functional competence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark927\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">6.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Management competence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark928\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">7.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Security and stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark929\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">8.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Creativity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark930\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">9.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Autonomy and independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark931\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">10.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Need for power, influence and control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAREER_CYCLE\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark935;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark933;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark932;\">CAREER CYCLE<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark935\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a number of propositions by scholars who had devoted time to the study of career stages across organizations. Two of such studies are briefly reviewed below. Schein had proposed nine stages, while Greenhans and Callaman proposed a five stage cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark938\"><\/a><a name=\"bookmark937\"><\/a><a name=\"bookmark936\"><\/a><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark937;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark938;\">Schein\u2019s nine stages of career <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> cycle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Age<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Career stage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Growth<\/a>, fantasy, exploration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16-25<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Entry into the world of work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark939\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">16-<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->25<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Basic training<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark940\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">17-<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->30<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Full membership in early career<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25plus<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Full membership in mid career<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mid career crises<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>40plus<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Late career<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>40plus<span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Decline and disengagement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Retirement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\">Greenhans and Callaman five stage cycle.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n<p>Stage<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 24pt;\">Age<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 11pt;\">Characteristics<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">up to 25<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 11pt;\">occupational choice; preparations for worth<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p>2.<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">18 to 25<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 11pt;\">organisational entry.<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p>3.<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">25 to 40<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 11pt;\">early career establishment and achievement<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p>4.<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">40 to 55<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 11pt;\">Mid career<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p>5.<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 24pt;\">50 &amp; above<\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 11pt;\">Late career.<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It could be seen from the above that one\u2019s career spans, giving the definition of the labour force in Nigeria as consisting of people from between ages15 &#8211; 65, more than a third of the lifespan. Each of the stages poses unique challenges to both employees and employers of labour.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre entry stage is characterized with schooling\/training, fantasy about certain \u2018noble\u2019 careers or successful models and several activities not excluding self and others assessment, job search and the confusion of the first few days at work. The induction training in all good intent is meant to cater for the need of new recruits who needed to be situated within the context of a new organizational culture, climate and work ethics. The general and specific rule of work, often captured in the company\u2019s employees\u2019 handbook, is made available to serve as guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Career_Plans\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark944;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark942;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark941;\">Career Plans<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark944\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Organization\u2019s human resource plan for career <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">growth and development<\/a> may be for long (focus on future) or short term plans (focus is on the immediate).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark945\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">i.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Short term plans.<\/i><\/b> In short term plans no deliberate effort is made to process skills through the organizations <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">growth<\/a> machineries. High performers are not identified and approved for future responsibilities. The prevailing assumptions will be that high performers will ultimately prove themselves and assume greater future responsibilities, otherwise the organisation will recruit from outside. Where deliberate effort is not made to develop and harness internal labour market, workers are difficult to put to action and such organisation will experience higher rate of workers\u2019 turnover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark946\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ii.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Long term career plans<\/i><\/b><i>.<\/i> A highly structured career management plans are put in place to train, motivate and promote high performers to assume greater responsibilities. Performance is periodically assessed, rewarded and training is given to meet future needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another feature of long term plan is the broadening as well as deepening experience of job holders through exposure to relevant technology. Long term plans occur more in large organisation with individual structure, whereas short term plans is more common in small and rapidly growing organisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SELF-ASSESSMENT_AND_CAREER_PLANNING\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark950;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark948;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark947;\">SELF-ASSESSMENT AND CAREER PLANNING<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark950\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The self with respect to relevant social environment began as soon as one\u2019s sense of self is evolving. In the traditional society, assessment does often go beyond the individual person. Parents concerned about the present and future outcomes had over the years used different means to assess the future of their children. Such practices as divination, palmistry, star gazing or horoscope were attempts used in the past and still used today, by parents and individuals to ascertain the future. These attempts lack scientific base and may lead into <a href=\"https:\/\/law.en-academic.com\/11546\/erroneous_judgment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">erroneousjudgment<\/a> of future prospects. Certain individuals unfortunately base decision such as choice of career or profession on such ideas and traditional practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/14\/18\/5\/self-assessment-career-development-personal-development-plan-png-favpng-CAiKTLXadkJPqjYDiPJsLgwW4.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.favpng.com\/14\/18\/5\/self-assessment-career-development-personal-development-plan-png-favpng-CAiKTLXadkJPqjYDiPJsLgwW4.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"SELF-IDENTITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMEN\" title=\"SELF-ASSESSMENT AND CAREER PLANNING\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Self-assessment becomes realistic and with a chance to make valid prediction if based on objective facts about human abilities, interests, competencies and experiences. The basis for career choice and planning is understanding of natural abilities upon which adequate cultivation and training can be built for successful work experiences. Some of such bases are: physiological, cognitive, emotional, behavioural, socio\/ economic, past history, personality and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b><i>Physiological.<\/i><\/b> We are basically a biological being and physiological factors are largely inherited except where accidentally caused. The first contact with a person often lead to rough and rapid assessment of his physiological characteristics; such as height, physique, beauty \/ handsome or ugliness etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phrenology (assessment of a person\u2019s behaviour on the basis of shape of the skull or facial features) was once popular as a result of belief that physical features are good indication of certain specific abilities. In abilities requiring raw brawn (e.g. wrestling and boxing) for instance, a person\u2019s physiology is indicative. Certain professions as modelling and basket ball are respectively predicted for instance on the basis of good physique and height.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b><i>Cognitive<\/i><\/b><i>.<\/i>Perhaps a more important ability in career choice is the cognitive or intellectual ability. Cognitive abilities are many and varied. Traditionally, the intelligent quotient (IQ) measure has been presented as a unified measure of intellectual capacity. In reality, there are several intellectual functions some of which are;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark951\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">i.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Verbal ability. This refers to ability to comprehend and use words.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark952\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ii.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Numerical ability. That is ability to use and manipulate numbers for mathematical and statistical ends. The population of students picking their vocation on the basis of dislikes or otherwise for mathematics attest to disparity in this ability. The skill is useful in all science, business and a wide range of occupations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark953\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">iii.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Spatial. Meaning ability to relate with dimensions of space and relativity of space and time. People in engineering, Geology, Geography, need this ability to function as pilot, surveyor, cartographer and so forth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark954\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">iv.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Psychomotor. Movement and use of fingers and other extremities are controlled and coordinated in the brain. Women for instance, have been shown to be more dexterous in their use of fingers, while men use their legs better. This may explain the preponderance of female typists and computer operators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark955\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">v.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Abstract reasoning. Meaning ability for logic deductive reasoning. It is an important ability for would be scientists, researchers and people dealing with abstract component of experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark956\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">vi.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Creativity. Creativity refers to ability to derive novel solution to problem by bringing remote <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/\">elements<\/a> of experience together to produce new objects, new ideas or build new movement or models. It is useful ability in Art, Engineer, Science and in all field of endeavour where there is a need to break new grounds in human and material experience. This ability is limited in most population, and belongs more or less to the realm of geniuses like Isaac Newton, Wole Soyinka and Engineer Awojobi. They exhibit what Debono called lateral thinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark957\"><\/a><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">vii.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]-->Problem solving. It is an ability required where complex problems are involved. Problem solvers are unique in their mode of thinking, use of imagination, and ability to go beyond normal mode of thinking. Problem solving ability also leads to novel and creative solutions and as such has been though a different concept, studied along with creativity. The ability is also not so common or not so widely developed among most society man.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b><i>Emotional.<\/i><\/b> While cognitive abilities describe rational factors of human behaviour, emotional factors are the basis of some irrational factors in man and also the basis of various motivational tendencies. Certain noted emotions are fear, frustration hate, anger, hate on the negative side, and love, joy, satisfaction and excitement on the positive side. Emotions are also described as temperament and are believed to have influence on both covert and overt behaviour as well as on occupational choices and life outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, Emotional Intelligence (EI) which refers to assortment of non-cognitive skills, capacities and competencies has been shown to influence a person\u2019s ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures. It\u2019s composed of five dimensions;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><i>Self awareness &#8211;<\/i> ability to be aware of what you are feeling<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><i>Self management &#8211;<\/i>ability to manage one\u2019s own emotions and impulses<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><i>Self-motivation &#8211;<\/i>ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Empathy &#8211;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"> ability to sense how others are feeling <i>Social<\/i><\/span><i>-skill &#8211;<\/i> ability to handle the emotions of others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Behavioural basis. <\/b>One\u2019s behaviour (covert) and behavioural tendencies (covert) can serve as relevant and informed basis for self assessment. In most instances people are judged on the basis of what <i>they do<\/i> or what they refrain from doing. Ones behaviour at present is an insight into what one might do at a later. If certain behaviour is persistent in a child e.g. reading, singing, playing football, doodling, it may be an indication of his area of potential or interest in later life. A number of people had made it through life by developing their age long interest or relapsing into former pre-occupation after an extensive waste of time in other vocations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Socio-Economic Basis. <\/b>For certain skills or aptitudes to be developed, ones social and economic (individual, familiar or national) had to be assessed. Many who would have been a doctor may come from a background that is rich in poverty and as such unable to access found for the training. Most society in the developed world has put in place social and economic mediatory measures that will assist indigent but talented individuals to pursue their dreams. Nigeria is yet to come of age in this aspect, the social and economic footholds for training and educational had been further weakened by reckless and unrelenting reforms that have led to a vastly privatised nursery, primary, secondary and tertiary education to the advantage of indigent talents and potentialities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Past History. <\/b>Making self-assessment, with respect to past history, depend on the stage of life of the assessor; preschool, school age, school leaver or professional. For children, parents do often judge choice of career for their children mainly in the light of their own career success or failure. While most uneducated parents have little or nothing to say in their children choice of career, often they prefer popular professions like Law, Medicine, and Engineering. Educated parents may wish to use their children choice of career as wish fulfilment tool to satisfy their area of career failure or to betroth to them fortunes from their career success e.g. a legal practice, their company, assets and sometimes liabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Personality Basis. <\/b>Certain personality characteristics tend to relate to job success. People belong to several personality categorizations such as; Extroverts (Externally projected and socially gregarious individuals) and Introverts (internally directed, reticent, and easy going). Also people can make assessment of career orientation on the basis of their dominant needs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Milande and Costa (1999) using the factor analytic approach proposed four higher order factors each including several of Cattell\u2019s factors. The \u2018big five\u2019 factors have been well researched and found to be predictive of life outcomes such as career success. The big five\u2019 factor is presented using the acronym OCEAN for open conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neurotism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Big_Five_Personality_Factors\"><\/span>The Big Five Personality Factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm .5pt 0cm .5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 19.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 19.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 443.55pt;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"591\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS AND THEIR LOWER-ORDER TRAITS<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 19.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"background: white; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 19.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 130.1pt;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"173\">\n<p>Big Five Factors<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: white; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 19.2pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 313.45pt;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"418\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 81pt;\">Lower-Order Traits<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 101.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 101.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 130.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"173\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 37pt;\">Openness<\/p>\n<p>Conscienscious<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 101.75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 313.45pt;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"418\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 51pt; text-indent: 1pt;\">Artistically sensitive vs. Artistically insensitive Intellectual vs. unreflective, narrow Polished, refined vs. crude, boorish Imaginative vs. simple, direct Fussy, tidy vs. careless Responsible vs. undependable Scrupulous vs. unscrupulous Persevering vs. quitting, fickle<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 51.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 130.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"173\">\n<p>Extraversion<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 51.1pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 313.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"418\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 51pt; text-indent: 1pt;\">Talkative vs. silent Frank, open vs. secretive Adventurous vs. cautious Sociable vs. recluse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;\">\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 51.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 130.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"173\">\n<p>Agreeableness<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 51.1pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 313.45pt;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"418\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 55pt;\">Good natured vs. irritable Not jealous vs. jealous Mild, gentle vs. headstrong Cooperative vs. negativistic<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 38.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"background: white; border-right: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 38.9pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 130.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"173\">\n<p>Neurotism<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: white; border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 38.9pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; width: 313.45pt;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"418\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 55pt;\">Poised vs. nervous, tense Calm vs. anxious Composed vs. excitable<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; margin-left: 211pt; margin-right: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm;\">\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;\">Emotionally stable vs. moody, unstable<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Adapted from Passer and Smith, (2001)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The decisive influences of personality factors cannot be overemphasized. For instance, extraverts with propensity to be highly sociable are likely to buy with an objective to meet up with people\u2019s expectation rather than self. Loud colours will be likely preferred, as much as he \/ she will eat out of the home environment regularly and in company of others. The introvert on the other hand will prefer mild colours, show little concern for giving socially approved impressions of him\/her and his\/her general buying behaviour will reflect this orientation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Needs. <\/b>Our needs in life dominates our emotions, behaviour, and motives. Several needs, ranging from family, societal, and personal needs can form the basis of consideration for career choice. Most educated Africans in 1960s became journalists or politicians because of societal need for emancipation from colonialism. Many communities today still decide the career choice of their indigenes on the basis of areas of political, social or economic imperatives.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Niger Deltans will want their people to acquire skills that are suitable in the oil companies. Government in Nigeria had in the past made policies that favour career choices in science and engineering. Individuals may also see their education and career choice as a means to an end such as eradication of poverty, defending family legalizes or as result of a need to pursue knowledge and enlightenment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONCLUSION\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark959;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: bookmark960;\">CONCLUSION<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"bookmark960\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Career begins with understanding of one\u2019s identity within the context of natural abilities, needs and societal perception. Self-assessment is signposted in physiological, cognitive, personality and other attributes which makes career plans feasible and predictable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Career development is situated within organizational environment, where it involves levels of employees who are individually responsible for growth or development of their career.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":134,"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[71,47],"class_list":["post-1032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrial-psychology","tag-educational-psychology","tag-industrial-relations"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SELF-IDENTITY-AND-CAREER-DEVELOPMENT.jpg?fit=820%2C827&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":794,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/psychoanalytic-theory-on-career-choice-5-factors\/","url_meta":{"origin":1032,"position":0},"title":"Psychoanalytic Theory on Career Choice &#8211; 5 Factors","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The psychoanalytic theory views career choice in terms of the individual and how he\/she operates in isolation in the choice of his career. 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Basically, the system of psychoanalysis involves the mechanism of sublimation which provides an acceptable way for an individual to release portions of his psychic energies that would\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Guidance and Counselling&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Guidance and Counselling","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/guidance-and-counselling\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Psychoanalytic Theory on career choice","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/0701.static.prezi.com\/preview\/v2\/o3rspvzbczqymvypb3ahxbqgh76jc3sachvcdoaizecfr3dnitcq_3_0.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1031,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-theories-of-career-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":1032,"position":2},"title":"TYPES AND THEORIES OF CAREER","author":"centreforelites","date":"21 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Theories of career abound, shining light on the myriad of vital 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organizational psychology are different but interconnected areas, such that they are usually used interchangeably.","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Industrial Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Industrial Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/industrial-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Issues in Industrial and Organizational Psychology","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insightadmin\/2020\/04\/GettyImages-1126312731-1-770x421.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insightadmin\/2020\/04\/GettyImages-1126312731-1-770x421.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thechicagoschool.edu\/insightadmin\/2020\/04\/GettyImages-1126312731-1-770x421.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":759,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/13-main-branches-of-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":1032,"position":5},"title":"13 Main 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