{"id":1102,"date":"2022-04-07T16:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/means-of-recording-experiment-results\/"},"modified":"2024-03-14T21:00:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T19:00:06","slug":"means-of-recording-experiment-results","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/means-of-recording-experiment-results\/","title":{"rendered":"Means of Recording Experiment Results"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

During Science classes, students are supposed to carry out a wide variety of experiments. These practical sessions are meant to assist learners to understand the theoretical explanations.\u00a0<\/span>It is hence advisable to learn and master the Means of Recording Experiment Results during the practical cessions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is advisable to take as many values as possible and make a table of the values<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>All the readings must be taken to the same number of significant figures or decimal places. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1<\/span><\/b>: in an experiment aimed at determining the resistance of a metal, the following readings were obtained: The voltmeter read 5.2V and the ammeter 2.3A. The resistance was calculated as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R=(5.2)\/(2.3)=2.252<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This answer has the wrong number of significant figures. The correct value should be 2.3<\/b>(i.e. to two significant figures) since the number of significant figures of the least precise value (2.3 or 5.2) is two<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>The number of significant figures in all calculations made from recorded results must be the same as in the results (example above)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 2: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

X(m)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>

\n

I(A)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>

\n

Y = I(A)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr>

\n

0.000<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

0.300<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

0.500<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

0.700<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

0.800<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

0.900<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>

\n

0.9<\/span><\/p>\n

0.48<\/span><\/p>\n

0.36<\/span><\/p>\n

0.28<\/span><\/p>\n

0.26<\/span><\/p>\n

0.24<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>

\n

1.11<\/span><\/p>\n

2.08<\/span><\/p>\n

2.78<\/span><\/p>\n

3.57<\/span><\/p>\n

3.85<\/span><\/p>\n

4.17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Table 1.1: Data presentation in a table<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The results recorded can be used to draw graph. The graphs could be curves or straight lines.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–                <\/span><\/span><\/span>The points should be correctly plotted on the graph<\/span> <\/span>paper<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–                <\/span><\/span><\/span>If the scale is not provided, then an appropriate scale must be chosen<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–                <\/span><\/span><\/span>Graph could be interpreted in different ways.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–                <\/span><\/span><\/span>If the graph is a straight line, then we can find the gradient.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE SCALE<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Check the size of the graph paper and try to choose simple scales that will give a graph which will cover more than half page. For example: choose one large square on the graph paper to represent 10g or 20g.<\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>Avoid choosing numbers such as 3g, 7g, or 9g as it becomes very difficult to plot fraction for these values<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>Avoid choosing a scale that represents an even number of units by an odd number of squares. For example: don\u2019t try to represent 10g by 3 squares on the graph paper<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>Determine what each small division on the scale chosen would stand for.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>When the scale has been chosen, make sure that you show it clearly on the graph and indicate the unit of measure<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>Label the two axes of the graph<\/span> <\/span>with correct symbols and units. The independent variable<\/span> <\/span>is on the horizontal x-axis(abscissa<\/span>) and the dependent variable<\/span> <\/span>is on the vertical y-axis(ordinate<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/span>PLOTTING THE POINTS<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–                <\/span><\/span><\/span>Mark the position of the points with a cross or dot neatly using a sharp pencil<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–          <\/span><\/span><\/span>The plotted points must be joined with a single straight line or a continuous curve. The graph should cover as much of the area of the graph paper as possible. This requires a sensible choice of scale for each axis. It is unlikely that points plotted from real experimental results will all lie on a straight line or smooth curve due to errors. Hence try to produce a straight line or smooth curve which passes through as many of the plotted points as possible or which leaves an equal distribution of points on either side. Refer the graph shown in figure (a) above which shows a best fitting line<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Every graph should have the following:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n