{"id":1214,"date":"2022-03-08T17:14:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T15:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T21:19:36","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T19:19:36","slug":"types-and-properties-of-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Types and Properties of Matter"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Types and Properties of Matter\/ Materials\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/u1HhTxNrlMA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">This post explore the various properties of matter as well as the states of matter in terms kinetic theory. <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The <b>matter<\/b> is made up of very small particles called <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.blogspot.com\/2022\/03\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">molecules<\/a>. <\/b>Molecules are made up of a number of atoms of either the same or different <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/\">elements<\/a> which are bonded together. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The Greek philosopher called <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Leucippus <\/b>and his pupils <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Democritus (460 \u2013 310 BC) <\/b>are believed to be the founders of the atomic theory of matter. They speculated that all matter is made up of identical, indivisible particles called <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">atoms <\/b>separated by empty space.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The existence of molecules suggested by Leucippus and Democritus has been shown by experimental results produced by the English chemist <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">John<\/b> <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Dalton <\/b>in 1808 whose theory proposed that matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles that he then called <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">\u201cultimate\u201d<\/i> particles, now known as <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.blogspot.com\/2022\/03\/the-origins-of-earth-and-matter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atoms<\/a><\/i><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">. <\/b>His theory further states that every pure substance is made up of a single type of atoms or a combination of different atoms called molecules.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">In 1600\u2019s <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Boyle <\/b>tried to explain the observed properties of gases in terms of molecules, their smallest particles (this will be detailed in the gas laws).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Daniel Bernoulli (1700 \u2013 1782) <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">was the first to explain the law which Boyle discovered. He also related temperature and molecular motion directly, calculated the pressure of a gas from collisions of the molecules with the walls of the containing vessel and inferred that when the temperature increases, the velocity of the molecules increases also.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.educom360.com\/courses\/kinetic-theory-of-matter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kinetic Molecular Theory<\/a> <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">states that \u201c<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">the particles that the matter is made up with are always moving and they often bump into each other\u201d. <\/i><\/b><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;<\/span>This random motion is present in varying amount in solids, liquids and gases. The assumptions of kinetic theory of matter can be summarised in the following points:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">All matter is made up of particles called <a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.blogspot.com\/2022\/03\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">molecules<\/a>. In normal circumstances it exists in three states.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">All the molecules of a given substance are alike in all respects.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">The molecules are separated from one another by the intermolecular space which is more than the diameter of the molecule itself.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/educom360.blogspot.com\/2022\/03\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">molecules<\/a> attract each other with a force called inter-molecular force, which is strongest in solids and weakest in gases.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Molecules are in constant motion.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.educom360.com\/courses\/measurement-of-temperature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temperature<\/a> of a substance is proportional to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.educom360.com\/courses\/work-and-energy-and-power\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average kinetic energy<\/a> of all the molecules of the substance.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d920eb7705e\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d920eb7705e\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#States_of_Matter\" >States of Matter<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#SOLIDS\" >SOLIDS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#Crystalline_solids\" >Crystalline solids<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#Amorphous_solids\" >Amorphous solids<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#_LIQUIDS\" >\u00a0LIQUIDS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#a_Surface_tension\" >a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Surface tension:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#b_Viscosity\" >b.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Viscosity&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#COHESION_AND_ADHESION\" >COHESION AND ADHESION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#2_Adhesive_forces_adhesion\" >2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adhesive forces (adhesion)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#Change_of_liquid_state\" >Change of liquid state:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#_GASES\" >\u00a0GASES<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/types-and-properties-of-matter\/#Change_of_gaseous_state\" >Change of gaseous state:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"States_of_Matter\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">States of Matter<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Matter exists in the three states of solids, liquids and gas. The physical difference between these three states lies in the arrangement and behaviour of their molecules.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">These differences can be explained in terms of the<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"> Kinetic Theory Model <\/b>which states that:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Matter is made up of very small particles called molecules<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">These molecules are in constant motion<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">The degree of movement which is the measure of kinetic energy depends upon the temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move and therefore the higher the kinetic energy. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Notice<\/span><\/i><\/b><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"> that the <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">heat energy <\/b>of a substance is the total kinetic energy of all the molecules or atoms of that substance.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SOLIDS\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Toc7684226;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">SOLIDS<\/span><\/b><\/span><a name=\"_Toc7684226\"><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Solid State of the Matter- Properties of Solids\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0NTY4HBeitw?start=246&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Solid State of Matter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">In the solid state the molecules are closely packed together and are not free to move about randomly; they vibrate about their fixed position (known as the <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">mean position)<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjbPoIS7qS-yN_T8aNpg24RTTS2M8OHxpmRLgHnD5mWU-UlGFCFIDvnO93Zji_jlz8vLvTsINNCiU-P8uNUijX8qFE-r-pruyu691_KQv2GsMPlZfhceI6FBnuLaKNRzn5UtH5CXLKUHDqGp4OkkLK0Wy4g0CHWXS-306roPvIVtMUbTIDVswzcYX0K\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjbPoIS7qS-yN_T8aNpg24RTTS2M8OHxpmRLgHnD5mWU-UlGFCFIDvnO93Zji_jlz8vLvTsINNCiU-P8uNUijX8qFE-r-pruyu691_KQv2GsMPlZfhceI6FBnuLaKNRzn5UtH5CXLKUHDqGp4OkkLK0Wy4g0CHWXS-306roPvIVtMUbTIDVswzcYX0K=w320-h210\" alt=\"State of matter - Arrangement of particles in solids\" title=\"State of matter - Arrangement of particles in solids\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEivK6lIKDVtjkiBTgN5SNssn4xIigmr3bdhrVVPq_MWinoymqp6HZFSAQe6OLbICGXHo2w-9vWmidmkhUyHkgyTsypQroo4jqmR7PwKKq90iTGRwb3AuCPsxVrlBLnHLJcHfxTWxEJ8wEmQqnfn-tGAK6cmvKzCYxfPVb419_Z69HlzPEbO1EyGdWpo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEivK6lIKDVtjkiBTgN5SNssn4xIigmr3bdhrVVPq_MWinoymqp6HZFSAQe6OLbICGXHo2w-9vWmidmkhUyHkgyTsypQroo4jqmR7PwKKq90iTGRwb3AuCPsxVrlBLnHLJcHfxTWxEJ8wEmQqnfn-tGAK6cmvKzCYxfPVb419_Z69HlzPEbO1EyGdWpo=w273-h144\" alt=\"State of matter - Arrangement of particles in solids\" title=\"State of matter - Arrangement of particles in solids\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Arrangement of molecules in solid state<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The ability of a solid to maintain its definite shape and fixed volume is the result of the strong intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules. These are known as <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">cohesive forces.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Solids are classified into two groups: <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The difference between the two groups is the result of the way in which the molecules are arranged. This molecular arrangement is called the <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">lattice structure <\/b>of the molecules<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crystalline_solids\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Crystalline solids<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">These are solids whose lattice structure has a definite regular pattern. <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">E.g. sodium chloride (rock salt)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgEdo-BjMowO7sy5xGmV6Q85O-ETms7am1MXYDu79qMbMeAyQIZsqYemcTdHuwBhMb_gIUuleeyzQ3TYq4OyAKyfYV2zrP24xvSogEBeDiQQOF8nOuVyj0Z8mG5HGouaJeF_kEjjXh8aVgDFysMsaAUV1oxJT8WMKGpPXsQdbQRcYzEq5aITEKJxVOs\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"State of matter - Crystalline solid\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgEdo-BjMowO7sy5xGmV6Q85O-ETms7am1MXYDu79qMbMeAyQIZsqYemcTdHuwBhMb_gIUuleeyzQ3TYq4OyAKyfYV2zrP24xvSogEBeDiQQOF8nOuVyj0Z8mG5HGouaJeF_kEjjXh8aVgDFysMsaAUV1oxJT8WMKGpPXsQdbQRcYzEq5aITEKJxVOs=w320-h219\" alt=\"State of matter - Crystalline solid\" width=\"320\" height=\"219\" data-original-height=\"283\" data-original-width=\"413\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Crystalline solid<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amorphous_solids\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Amorphous solids<\/span><\/i><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The lattice structure of an amorphous solid is an irregular, disordered pattern. <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">E.g.: <\/b>charcoal and sulphur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Molecules are arranged differently in different solids and have varying magnitudes of intermolecular forces of attraction. These factors are responsible for some of the mechanical properties of solids (especially metals)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Elasticity: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">It is the ability of a material to return to its original state or its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed by an external force.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Plasticity:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"> It is the property of a material by which some permanent deformation remains even after the force producing it has been removed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Ductility:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"> it is the property of a material which governs whether it can be stretched and drawn into wires of small cross-section where there will be considerable deformation without fracture.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Brittleness:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"> This is the property of a material which is fragile and breaks suddenly when a force is applied to it.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Malleability:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"> It is the property which allows a material to be rolled into thin sheets without breaking. E.g. Iron, copper and aluminium can be rolled into thin sheets<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Change of solid state:<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;\">\n<p style=\"background: white; border: none; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">When a solid is heated, the vibrations of molecules and their kinetic energy increase. If the temperature goes to a certain level, the intermolecular forces are broken apart and molecules are released from each other. This results in the material changing its state from a solid to a liquid, the process known as <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">melting<\/i><\/b><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"> <\/i>or <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">fusion<\/i><\/b>. The opposite phenomenon is called <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">solidification<\/i><\/b> or <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">freezing <\/i><\/b>\u2013 change of liquid into solid.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_LIQUIDS\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Toc7684227;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">LIQUIDS<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Liquid State of Matter\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3yMgrfmuUMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Liquid State of Matter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"_Toc7684227\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Molecules in a liquid are more widely spaced than in a solid, are also vibrating to and fro about their mean position. Their intermolecular force is weak and the molecules movement is free. This enables them to take the shape of the containing vessel.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Arrangement of molecules in a liquid\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEh2lBgvsCvaS_TvR9Y44HYsYQKBu_n7T-7yepGw0JJu1W3nyTfjBRiapbsZ5pxKD1S46kdPlWsMITMXCtoM3WUIm1TIVVXTUa8D3gp7lYwDigo1P-y-F3Fzs1HaG8tZaTKL8pMgwsRFxyxu1ArDMEHLie3tYN3LsQnL_2ZDGsf2zLvXSoHIuKSLCste=w320-h210\" alt=\"Arrangement of molecules in a liquid\" width=\"320\" height=\"210\" data-original-height=\"164\" data-original-width=\"250\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Arrangement of molecules in a liquid<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiU_Bcd3OKZvGFLu5jUcgF3jerSXuJCOguNqjZoW2aQf_jmiL7-PDyqxy7o0Ds2TRLs4qfcPG86FmjoJvc2MmyY6XKKZbxyMCnSNsoF9pOaJnjq4isrB3ibbNpVVkseN8840tFHrffL8ImqLeYLbpxZMm5D1aEIRzi8HB5EJWlnqAwx_F9ff9aT5MX4\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Movement of molecules in a liquid\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiU_Bcd3OKZvGFLu5jUcgF3jerSXuJCOguNqjZoW2aQf_jmiL7-PDyqxy7o0Ds2TRLs4qfcPG86FmjoJvc2MmyY6XKKZbxyMCnSNsoF9pOaJnjq4isrB3ibbNpVVkseN8840tFHrffL8ImqLeYLbpxZMm5D1aEIRzi8HB5EJWlnqAwx_F9ff9aT5MX4=w200-h165\" alt=\"Movement of molecules in a liquid\" width=\"200\" height=\"165\" data-original-height=\"199\" data-original-width=\"241\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Molecules further apart (gentle motion)<\/span><\/b><\/b>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"><a style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEh2lBgvsCvaS_TvR9Y44HYsYQKBu_n7T-7yepGw0JJu1W3nyTfjBRiapbsZ5pxKD1S46kdPlWsMITMXCtoM3WUIm1TIVVXTUa8D3gp7lYwDigo1P-y-F3Fzs1HaG8tZaTKL8pMgwsRFxyxu1ArDMEHLie3tYN3LsQnL_2ZDGsf2zLvXSoHIuKSLCste\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Under the same temperature conditions, the intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules are different in liquids and this is responsible for the variance in physical properties.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Surface_tension\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">a.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Surface tension:<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">It is the property whereby the molecules on the surface of the liquid do not experience the same intermolecular forces as those within the liquid.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The effect of surface tension<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Surface tension tends to reduce the surface area of a liquid. The degree of reduction in the surface area is determined by the surface tension which in turn, depends on the intermolecular forces present. An example of two liquids with different surface tensions is water and mercury:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">A droplet of water will tend to spread out, whereas a drop of mercury will be a spherical ball. This is because there is greater surface tension in a mercury droplet than there is in a drop of water.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEg6BYpwWKtcw_WT0Et0GzVHFyh5zZOIsPdIi9U6rGXHvLs40Lh3QAJxGH5jcuLAUex1_qSHp8SMJjXHUGLq7y7lVrH92rDEbFy3WRsP5KvOF-0RZv_9YTrRLQA1p-bQumlf7UBgRWLqb_tltajjAmWXXd5-u29IQlfmNerh5e6g31q-lA8wMAsILjFq\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Shapes of the droplets of two materials due to surface tension\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEg6BYpwWKtcw_WT0Et0GzVHFyh5zZOIsPdIi9U6rGXHvLs40Lh3QAJxGH5jcuLAUex1_qSHp8SMJjXHUGLq7y7lVrH92rDEbFy3WRsP5KvOF-0RZv_9YTrRLQA1p-bQumlf7UBgRWLqb_tltajjAmWXXd5-u29IQlfmNerh5e6g31q-lA8wMAsILjFq=w320-h58\" alt=\"Shapes of the droplets of two materials due to surface tension\" width=\"320\" height=\"58\" data-original-height=\"103\" data-original-width=\"566\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Shapes of the droplets of two materials due to surface tension<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Another example of the effect of surface tension is the perfectly spherical shape of soap bubbles. Soap solution, detergents and alcohol lower the surface tension of most liquids.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Viscosity\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">b.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Viscosity<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">This is a property of certain fluids which causes them to offer resistance to the flow of other substances (either solids or liquids) through them.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COHESION_AND_ADHESION\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Toc7684228;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">COHESION AND ADHESION<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><a name=\"_Toc7684228\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The particles making substances are held together by intermolecular forces of attraction which are grouped in two major categories according to their action:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Cohesive forces (cohesion)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">It is the intermolecular forces of attraction acting between molecules of the same substance. If these forces are strong, then the surface tension is strong and the surface area of the liquid is reduces.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background: white; border: 1pt solid #1f3864; margin-left: 20.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #1F3864 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;\">\n<p style=\"background: white; border: none; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #1F3864 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">When the liquid with very strong cohesive forces are put in a container they form a <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.educom360.com\/courses\/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density\/lesson\/draft-lesson-8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convexmeniscus<\/a>.<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; border: none; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 18.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #1F3864 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">When the liquids with weak cohesive forces are put into a container, they form a <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">concave meniscus<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Adhesive_forces_adhesion\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2.<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Adhesive forces (adhesion)<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">This is the intermolecular forces of attraction acting between molecules of different substances. E.g.: The cohesive forces between the mercury molecules are stronger than the adhesive forces between mercury and glass molecules and subsequently the mercury <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">meniscus <\/b>in glass container is <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">convex.<\/b>This is opposite for water and the meniscus are <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">concave. (<\/b>It<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"> <\/b>is even the reason why water wets glass whilst mercury does not.)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhiktoOebDnbdEJ9imUiJDnM0AuNkoj7XEUjBQvcmMsbdFxxY34zRoD1zhQcqyu4rWXAzoYdq_d6_wyCYf_D3Z-CHc1NviZQSSJPPdSGl6mGyyX4BFdpcvaH4UJG0nHjbkljnBUt4p81kVanu6Z77JoPKYJruGKGIGSmxVkkV74Lh3wC-f7QA0QHL0a\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"The two types of meniscus\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhiktoOebDnbdEJ9imUiJDnM0AuNkoj7XEUjBQvcmMsbdFxxY34zRoD1zhQcqyu4rWXAzoYdq_d6_wyCYf_D3Z-CHc1NviZQSSJPPdSGl6mGyyX4BFdpcvaH4UJG0nHjbkljnBUt4p81kVanu6Z77JoPKYJruGKGIGSmxVkkV74Lh3wC-f7QA0QHL0a=w320-h213\" alt=\"State of matter - The two types of meniscus\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" data-original-height=\"248\" data-original-width=\"372\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The two types of meniscus<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Another example of the effect of cohesion<\/span><!-- [if supportFields]><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:\"Arial Unicode MS\"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'><\/span> XE &quot;<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>cohesion<\/b>&quot; <\/span><![endif]--><!-- [if supportFields]><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:\"Arial Unicode MS\"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style='mso-element:field-end'><\/span><\/span><![endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;<\/span>and adhesion is the rise of liquids in very narrow capillary tubes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Change_of_liquid_state\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Change of liquid state:<\/span><\/i><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;\">\n<p style=\"background: white; border: none; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">When a liquid is heated at high temperature, the particles move faster, intermolecular forces of attraction decrease and intermolecular spaces reduce. This results in the liquid changing the state and turns into gas. This process in known as \u2018<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">evaporation<\/i><\/b>\u2019. Evaporation on the surface of a liquid occurs at any temperature but it is very slow. However, when a liquid is boiling, this change takes place everywhere in the liquid and is very fast. The process opposite to evaporation is called <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">condensation<\/i><\/b>\u2013 change of gas into liquid. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_GASES\"><\/span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Toc7684229;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">GASES<\/span><\/b><\/span><a name=\"_Toc7684229\"><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Gaseous State of Matter\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rg3CEim52-A?start=43&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gaseous State of Matter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">In the gaseous state, molecules are even further apart than in water. This implies that they have more freedom to move among themselves. In gaseous state the molecules move haphazardly and at high speed and they are constantly colliding with each other and the walls of the container. These collisions are perfectly <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">elastic,<\/b>which means that the total kinetic energy of the particles before collision is equal to their total kinetic energy after collision.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjFZjLjadQMbSH21kz8ZLPAN62zAgVUB6Q9aE7RC0ltv111CSp05N1o7HaEvxa6HMuW4M5qqS9GCFHE7vp2khB0BEPYBkzD7x9A3Qd5u2oTvi_7Dj4oWJNx1Ki8xNHvOs9K_mMw3XVm2zCNXkvJxYp3RMDkQKTOh2WZeeVHY0NdNYRi1ey6OBaKKDsf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Arrangement of the molecules of a gas\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjFZjLjadQMbSH21kz8ZLPAN62zAgVUB6Q9aE7RC0ltv111CSp05N1o7HaEvxa6HMuW4M5qqS9GCFHE7vp2khB0BEPYBkzD7x9A3Qd5u2oTvi_7Dj4oWJNx1Ki8xNHvOs9K_mMw3XVm2zCNXkvJxYp3RMDkQKTOh2WZeeVHY0NdNYRi1ey6OBaKKDsf\" alt=\"State of the matter - Arrangement of the molecules of a gas\" width=\"255\" height=\"240\" data-original-height=\"244\" data-original-width=\"259\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Arrangement of the molecules of a gas<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEi7zB9Yv2AxT6_lvpe8gCIMO8Uj5T70Z2ReqpqoueLl_qRpW75XlMpsSQXETtVu_uokq0fYjibzrmP7Mth4MZ5EjyoyQ9CxMK98YHVW41B5Qlh65p_i0HgK3th1h2X8LsCNrudHOlQ8eO3wFvMWPCyDBdx3QqRlX6n3RkqSXTFx58GmRP0ojPOegy6Q\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"State of matter - Movement of  the molecules of a gas\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEi7zB9Yv2AxT6_lvpe8gCIMO8Uj5T70Z2ReqpqoueLl_qRpW75XlMpsSQXETtVu_uokq0fYjibzrmP7Mth4MZ5EjyoyQ9CxMK98YHVW41B5Qlh65p_i0HgK3th1h2X8LsCNrudHOlQ8eO3wFvMWPCyDBdx3QqRlX6n3RkqSXTFx58GmRP0ojPOegy6Q=w320-h227\" alt=\"State of matter - Movement of  the molecules of a gas\" width=\"320\" height=\"227\" data-original-height=\"243\" data-original-width=\"342\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">(<\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\">Vigorous motion)<\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Remark:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\"> The spaces between the molecules of a gas are relatively large, so that much of the volume occupied by a gas is actually empty space. As a result, the intermolecular forces are almost negligible and the molecules are independent to each other. The increased speeds and the greater spacing between the molecules allow the gas to both fill any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.educom360.com\/courses\/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density\/lesson\/draft-lesson-8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">volume<\/a> and also to be compressed (as opposed to expansion).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Change_of_gaseous_state\"><\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Change of gaseous state:<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">When a gas is cooled down, the motion of its particles slows down and the intermolecular spaces reduce. This results in the gas changing into liquid, the process known as <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">condensation <\/i><\/b>or<b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"> liquefaction<\/i><\/b>. Some substances such as carbon change directly from gas to solid and vice versa. This process, in both cases is called <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">sublimation<\/i><\/b>(e.g.: case of carbon dioxide or dry ice and naphthalene). <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">The following table summarises properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behaviour responsible for each property.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Comparative Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and their Molecular Explanation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Gas<b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Liquid<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Solid<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Assumes the shape and volume of its container: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">particles can move past one another<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">particles can move\/slide past one another<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Retains a fixed volume and shape<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">: <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">rigid &#8211; particles locked into place<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Compressible: <\/span><\/b><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">lots of free space between particles<\/span><\/i><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Not easily compressible<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">: <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">little free space between particles<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Not easily compressible<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">little free space between particles<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Flows easily: <\/span><\/b><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">particles can move past one another<\/span><\/i><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Flows easily: <\/span><\/b><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">particles can move\/slide past one another<\/span><\/i><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Does not flow easily: <\/span><\/b><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">rigid &#8211; particles cannot move\/slide past one another<\/span><\/i><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Negligible intermolecular forces of attraction between particles.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Weak intermolecular forces of attraction between particles.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">Strong intermolecular forces of attraction between particles.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">Table 1.1: Comparison of solid, liquid and gaseous state in terms of their particles\u2019 behaviour<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Change of State of Matter\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E0V03mzkts0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">The change of state can be summarised in the following diagram:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjZs_-R2vcVJtMePIJ8iqNxKWx6LeU1zdUyA7OsutF3Qx4AsO1WCXwppEcC82gUtvEfHvkBcn5WTA7g5WVtU799mOS68ordkmXPnY6wAMjPo5EEcye8gB1Jif70vdDydJSVnIXd9RaFOBSH7-uWGu5XbA1O56NvdZBsPuW3RukcUjpx456ewDlqs_Z4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Illustration of the change of the state of matter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjZs_-R2vcVJtMePIJ8iqNxKWx6LeU1zdUyA7OsutF3Qx4AsO1WCXwppEcC82gUtvEfHvkBcn5WTA7g5WVtU799mOS68ordkmXPnY6wAMjPo5EEcye8gB1Jif70vdDydJSVnIXd9RaFOBSH7-uWGu5XbA1O56NvdZBsPuW3RukcUjpx456ewDlqs_Z4=w640-h510\" alt=\"Illustration of the change of the state of matter\" width=\"640\" height=\"510\" data-original-height=\"448\" data-original-width=\"561\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';\">&nbsp;Illustration of the change of the state of matter<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Please visit and subscribe to our <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/from-passion-to-presence-a-step-by-step-guide-to-youtube-channel-creation\/\">YouTube Channel<\/a>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@DecrolyEducationCentre?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Decroly Education Centre (youtube.com)<\/a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/Centre4Elites?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Centre for Elites \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This post explore the various properties of matter as well as the states of matter in terms kinetic theory. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":58,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,143],"tags":[339,338],"class_list":["post-1214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-integrated-science","category-physical-sciences","tag-physical-science","tag-properties-of-matter"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1216,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/","url_meta":{"origin":1214,"position":0},"title":"ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES","author":"centreforelites","date":"8 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Matter exists either as in form of an element, compound or a mixture. An element is the simplest form of a substance because is made up of one type of atoms. Elements can further be classified into metals and non-metals. Compounds are formed between two or more elements that\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/media.proprofs.com\/images\/QM\/user_images\/2503852\/New%20Project%20%2826%29%28120%29.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/media.proprofs.com\/images\/QM\/user_images\/2503852\/New%20Project%20%2826%29%28120%29.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/media.proprofs.com\/images\/QM\/user_images\/2503852\/New%20Project%20%2826%29%28120%29.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1215,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/application-of-assumptions-of-the-kinetic-theory\/","url_meta":{"origin":1214,"position":1},"title":"Application of Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory","author":"centreforelites","date":"8 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0Kinetic theory has got more applications in daily life, in most of the tools and apparatus we use in our activities. This articles will focus on the major application. The Rates of Diffusion and Kinetic Theory https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zdc7Js3sN1M Application of Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory: Rates of Diffusion Diffusion is the\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Integrated Science&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Integrated Science","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/integrated-science\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"APPLICATION OF ASSUMPTIONS OF KINETIC THEORY- Diffusion of hydrogen","src":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEi3MB6hIaqMCIlzotfwX0AO9xpCkj2wkviFKrMbE9xoQ-1WgRqcFW0p7soLLTXRmMKVdg1VXnecOaqRb2pZOSTFU4EZVA_OcNx4PUvUijHeWtdSBQuWTLqnOkwoTbmkf4ZRLtp15KAbHE-tBwklYeZ1wp2rMxfirNN4vgzS_ZjnKDSGKRKp3lfLWfHb=w123-h200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1192,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/absolute-zero\/","url_meta":{"origin":1214,"position":2},"title":"Absolute zero","author":"centreforelites","date":"12 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0The lowest temperature theoretically attainable (at which the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules is minimal); 0 Kelvin or -273.15 centigrade or -459.67 Fahrenheit","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Words meaning&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Words meaning","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/words-meaning\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":502,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/5-scientific-process-skills-for-any-students\/","url_meta":{"origin":1214,"position":3},"title":"5 Scientific Process Skills for any students","author":"centreforelites","date":"14 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"In primary science teaching, emphasis is placed on the development of\u00a0scientific process\u00a0skills in pupils. It is important for you to understand that science is a\u00a0body of knowledge\u00a0developed through the scientific method. The\u00a0scientific method\u00a0involves problem solving using scientific process skills. It must be emphasised here that as a teacher you need\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Scientific Process Skills","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Scientific-Process-Skills.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Scientific-Process-Skills.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Scientific-Process-Skills.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Scientific-Process-Skills.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":503,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/scientific-attitudes-content-and-process\/","url_meta":{"origin":1214,"position":4},"title":"SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES, CONTENT AND PROCESS","author":"centreforelites","date":"14 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"In the study of science, you cannot separate Scientific attitudes, content and process because they depend on each other in finding out and acquiring scientific knowledge. These aspects of science are very important to anyone who wants to study science. SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES TO LEARNING SCIENCE Scientific Attitudes to learning Science\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES, CONTENT AND PROCESS","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/TEACHING-SCIENTIFIC-PROCESSES.jpg?fit=674%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/TEACHING-SCIENTIFIC-PROCESSES.jpg?fit=674%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/TEACHING-SCIENTIFIC-PROCESSES.jpg?fit=674%2C574&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1289,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/metaphysics-the-nature-of-reality-and-existence\/","url_meta":{"origin":1214,"position":5},"title":"Metaphysics: The nature of reality and existence","author":"centreforelites","date":"14 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \u2018metaphysics\u2019 is derived from two Greek words \u2018meta\u2019 (after) or (beyond) and \u2018physics\u2019 (physics) literally it means \u2018after or beyond physics\u2019. And it originated with Andronicus, the editor of Aristotle\u2019s works. After arranging the collection of Aristotle\u2019s works dealing with physics, he did not know what to call\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Philosophy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Philosophy","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1214"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2803,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214\/revisions\/2803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}