{"id":614,"date":"2022-04-15T22:40:20","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T20:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/?p=614"},"modified":"2022-04-15T23:08:13","modified_gmt":"2022-04-15T21:08:13","slug":"8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/","title":{"rendered":"8 Key Modern Western Education Pioneers"},"content":{"rendered":"Modern Western Education was dominated by educational philosophers and psychologists whose ideas are biased toward the active and <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/5-pros-and-cons-of-online-learning-you-wanna-know\/\">learner-centred<\/a> teaching-learning methods.\n\n<!-- \/wp:post-content --><!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"left\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\">\n\n<figure style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-ygDgbgdnhLY\/TlJJAMNHybI\/AAAAAAAAAA8\/zbGj6tWqksM\/w640-h466\/Introduction+of+Modern+Education.bmp\" alt=\"History of Western Education\" width=\"480\" height=\"349\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">History of Western Education<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figcaption>Modern Western Education<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d864714ae5f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d864714ae5f\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#YOITANNES_AMOS_COMENIUS_1592-1670_IN_MORAVIA_CZECHOSLOVAKIA\" >YOITANNES AMOS COMENIUS (1592-1670) IN MORAVIA (CZECHOSLOVAKIA)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#Comeniuss_Education_Ideas\" >Comenius\u2019s Education Ideas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#Comenius_suggested_gilding_in_the_classroom\" >Comenius suggested gilding in the classroom.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#_Maria_Montessori_1870-1952_and_Western_Education\" >\u00a0Maria Montessori (1870-1952) and Western Education<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#Jean_Jacques_Rousseau_1712-1778\" >Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#_Fredrick_Froebel_1782-1852_German\" >\u00a0Fredrick Froebel (1782-1852)\u00a0German<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#Johannes_Herbart_1776-1841\" >Johannes Herbart (1776-1841)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#Educational_Ideas\" >Educational Ideas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#_John_Dewey_1859-1952Role_on_Modern_Western_Education\" >\u00a0John Dewey (1859-1952)Role on Modern Western Education<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#Education_Ideas\" >Education Ideas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#_John_Locke_1532-1704\" >\u00a0\u00a0John Locke (1532-1704)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/8-key-modern-western-education-pioneers\/#EDUCATION_IDEAS\" >EDUCATION IDEAS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"yoitannes-amos-comenius-1592-1670-in-moravia-czechoslovakia\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"YOITANNES_AMOS_COMENIUS_1592-1670_IN_MORAVIA_CZECHOSLOVAKIA\"><\/span><strong>YOITANNES AMOS COMENIUS (1592-1670) IN MORAVIA (CZECHOSLOVAKIA)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe is a modern Western education philosopher. He was a bishop, a seasoned teacher. He was an experienced and educated reformer (change) he saved as a link between the old and the new ideas in education. His ideas on education represent a criticism of the practice of education in his days while most of his recommendation has spread anticipate most of the ideas of modern ideas.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 id=\"comenius-s-education-ideas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comeniuss_Education_Ideas\"><\/span><strong>Comenius\u2019s Education Ideas<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe believed that the aim of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\">education<\/a>\u00a0was the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of human intellect so as to be able to study nature and know God. To support his own ideas of education as a powerful tool for achieving one\u2019s potential. He employed the analogy of the seed.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nA man is like a seed full of potentialities that can be realized, stunted or (invocated) depending upon the soil it grows in and the nourishment it receives. According to Comenius, there are three <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/\">elements<\/a> that must be put together.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n1. The capabilities of learners which Comenius existed for body in different quantities and qualities.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n2. The content of the curriculum which correspond to the soil.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n3. The teacher and his teaching methods which correspond to nature.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nA good\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\">education<\/a>\u00a0is one that organizes in accordance with these factors. He said that if a man worked well on curricular and teaching methods, the natural gift of intelligence is from God. He further said that education was a birth right, everyone was educable provided they had access to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\">education<\/a>\u00a0provided by the state. He advocated for adult education and special education. He advocated for teaching in local languages. He was against corporal punishment or beating children. The right teaching methods where of great importance and learning was to be speedy. He advocated for the use of teaching and learning aids in the classroom.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe produced orbispictus (the world in pictures) were depicted at the same time. His guidance of the teacher is contained in the pamphlets and books. The most famous are;\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The great didactic on teaching methods.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Orbispictus the world in pictures.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0To translate his ideas of universal education into reality. He divided the period from childhood to adulthood into 21 age ranges each constituting six years.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The period of home or part of it in the nursery training senses.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(0-6) the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of the ability to speak mother\u2019s tongue\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(7-12) elementary school which had to be provided by the state citing one school in every village.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(13-18) secondary grammar school which was the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/biological-problems-associated-with-adolescence\/\">adolescence<\/a> was fully provided by the state, the aim of education was to train intelligence and understanding through a general and liberal curriculum.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(19-24)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\">Education<\/a>\u00a0for youth\u2019s universities of academy provided by the state all these levels were to be all on international (collegiums lucid) whose function was to co-operate unity or learning.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 id=\"comenius-suggested-gilding-in-the-classroom\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comenius_suggested_gilding_in_the_classroom\"><\/span>Comenius suggested gilding in the classroom.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Children are usually curious and willing to learn provided they see the immediate purpose of doing so.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Let learning by children be without tears.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Let children learn through drawing pictures and painting.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Memory work should be little; teacher should explain and must be thoroughly understood by the children before they commit it to memory.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Institutions must be made to fit the child\u2019s level of understanding and <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Subjects should be graded according to progressive degree of newness and difficulty learning from known to unknown.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Classroom should be well lit bright, pleasant, decorative pictures and other learning aids.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The school must be made a house of joy not a place of torture it should be located in beautiful surrounding with good scenery and quite atmosphere.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The whole education structure must be carefully graded so that the children are grouped according to the method appropriate to their understanding that is carefully construction of the curriculum.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n10.\u00a0\u00a0Attention should be paid when drawing up the syllabus.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 id=\"maria-montessori-1870-1952\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Maria_Montessori_1870-1952_and_Western_Education\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Maria Montessori (1870-1952) and Western Education<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\">\n\n<figure style=\"width: 394px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"blob:https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/6b774ea4-3c7f-4673-91fb-fd9cad0099bc\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/jpeg;base64,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\" alt=\"Maria Montessori and Modern Western Education\" width=\"394\" height=\"303\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Montessori and Modern Western Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nShe was born in Italy and she was the first female to graduate from the University of Rome in 1894. After her graduation she was appointed to work as an assistant doctor at a psychiatric clinic at the same university. She was interested in the education of the mentally retarded children. In 1907 she opened the first\u00a0<strong><em>casa dei bambini<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(children\u2019s house) this was the school of the young children insane Lorenzo slum.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHer success at this school led to the opening of many other Montessori schools and made her travel widely. Among the countries she went to India Europe and USA were she lectured and wrote a lot of material and established teacher training programmes. In 1922 She was appointed as government inspector of schools she failed the country in 1934 due to political tension and settle in the Netherlands.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nMontessori emphasized on the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of initiative and a sense of perception through physical freedom and self-help instruction materials. She also emphasized on the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of reading and writing skills in early childhood. She also said that the material used should be simple and able to arouse learners\u2019 interest they must also be designed specifically to encourage individual effort rather than cooperative effort.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nMontessori also said that there was a link between mental and physical <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">growth<\/a> in individuals. She encouraged the use of small pieces of furniture that would suit the size of learners.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 id=\"jean-jacques-rousseau-1712-1778\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jean_Jacques_Rousseau_1712-1778\"><\/span><strong>Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe was a French political philosopher and an educationist; he was born in genera Switzerland his parents were of French protestant origin. Rousseau is referred in most cases as the father of progressivism. His views on the child were in most cases contrary to the society of his time. His works had the dippiest and vastest importance on teaching methods and education in general. His educational ideas were written in a book called\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\">Emile<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>and they brought about a new beginning in the way children were looked up.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe said that education was for the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of the child\u2019s ability to cope with his own problems and needs and not for the preparation for some long-distance adulthood. He further said that education for the child suit forms on his own experience, interest and needs and education should be provided by the state and it should be in stages from infancy to <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/biological-problems-associated-with-adolescence\/\">adolescence<\/a>. He rejects the image of the child as a fruit of sin as it was believed in them.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe said that education was an ark in which humanity was to be saved from the flood (ignorance). he said true\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blog\/post\/edit\/7193241829689759114\/6845861505726410418#\">education<\/a>\u00a0is self-education and the education of children should begin at home. Parents should play their role but should not preach to the child. They should only set a good example and make the child make his\/her decisions because the child will not be anything else than what he\/she is destined to be. He presented that for proper education to take place, the child should have a lot of freedom and the teacher must not impose (lay on) his will on the child.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nRousseau said that the teacher should be acquainted with the child. He rejected all forms of education based on the principles of authority. He also argued that children should not be introduced to pre-digested texts as doing so would be imprisoning them. He did not favour strict discipline or any form of corporal punishment. He said the teacher must accomplish his mission of teaching in such a way that all pupils believe s\/he her\/himself is the master while it is the teacher who is. He added that the PPIs are totally dependent on their teacher loving care. He condemned the custom of his time where were sent away to be cared for and educated by other people and that each child should be taken and treated as an individual.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 id=\"fredrick-froebel-1782-1852-german\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Fredrick_Froebel_1782-1852_German\"><\/span><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><strong>Fredrick Froebel (1782-1852)\u00a0<em>German<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe was a German and a teacher for most of his active life and he was also an education reformer. He organized kindergarten (garden of children). this was a form of preschool schooling. The idea of a school for every child was originally advocated by Comenius who said that children should receive the same education in the early childhood of their lives. However, Froebel got the credit and was honoured as the founder of the kindergarten movement. He said kindergarten should have a lot of physical activities.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe further said the correction of the kindergarten curriculum should be play activities for the children and that games are the children most serious occupation. He saw the play as a form that children activity looks in the quest of self-development towards the internal unity that unites all things (God). He designed most of the games that are played with the ball.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe developed a sense of unity when a child played with a longer wooden cube divided into smaller cubes of equal sizes; the child learns the relationship between the whole and apart. He emphasized games in which children were arranged in circles so as to convey the idea of unity. He also said drawing; painting, paper folding and cutting and clay moulding were forms of self-activities that should be included in kindergarten.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nSinging should also be given attention as a self-activity. Pictures, words that match withdrawing should also be used in teaching kindergarten. He also said that larger classes should be taught using the monitorial method of teaching and that teaching should be from familiar to less familiar and teachers should always draw conclusions.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 id=\"johannes-herbart-1776-1841\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Johannes_Herbart_1776-1841\"><\/span><strong>Johannes Herbart (1776-1841)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe was a German philosopher and educator and one of pioneers of modern western education. He lived between 1776-1841. He studied Pestalozzi\u2019s ideas and methods of teaching before coming up with his own which he developed and tested at a nearby secondary school. He later founded a teacher training college to broadcast his teaching methods. He combined philosophy and psychology.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 id=\"educational-ideas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Educational_Ideas\"><\/span><strong>Educational Ideas<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe said the mind at birth is a tabula rasa (a clean state) without any innate or inborn powers and without tendencies towards goodness or badness. He said a mind is a unity with conscious and sub-conscious parts and that all knowledge is derived from impressions and ideas which enter the mind and get processed by it (knowledge is due to the environment).\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe believed, advised and argued that whatever inequalities arise in knowledge, education and other qualities of a person are due to the environment. He objected to the genetic doctrine which proposed that learning traits are inherited by children from their parents at birth. He emphasized the importance of a conducive and well-structured learning environment. He also stressed the indispensable role of a teacher in education.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nAccording to Herbart the aim of education is to produce a morally good person with an urge from the inside to do what is right and good, with knowledge of what is good and right. Education should also enable an individual to possess the will and determination to do what has been learned. Instructions that are given must fulfil two important functions which are;\u00a0<strong>impart the knowledge of what is good<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>develop the will to do<\/strong>.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nKnowledge will only be adequate if it encompasses physical, moral, aesthetic and emotional interest as such care must be taken when preparing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centreforelites.com\/5-factors-affecting-curriculum-design\/\">curriculum<\/a> so that all interests are intergraded. Subjects should bring out an interrelation and be broken down to syllabi and into learning tasks logically. Learning must be from known to unknown, simple difficulty. Children should not be left alone to learn over themselves because they have insufficient experiences. They must be introduced gradually to the existing store of culture. The teacher must first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centreforelites.com\/2-elements-in-the-concept-of-motivation\/\">arouse the interest<\/a> of the child in the topic of instructions. He greatly emphasized that for instructions to be properly presented five steps must be followed.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Preparation; this step involves planning what to teach and review what the pupils learnt previously.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Presentation; this step involves considering what has been prepared is going to be presented (methods of teaching) it emphasizes doing things logically and clearly analysing bits of information and explaining foreign terms (words).\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Association; in this step pupils make comparisons between new knowledge and old knowledge with the guidance of the teacher.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Systemization; here there is reviewing or recapitulating what has been learnt drawing summaries and conclusions.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Application; this step involves trying out and applying knowledge in solving problems.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 id=\"john-dewey-1859-1952\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_John_Dewey_1859-1952Role_on_Modern_Western_Education\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>John Dewey (1859-1952)Role on Modern Western Education<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n<figure style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biography.com\/.image\/c_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Ch_400%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cw_620\/MTE1ODA0OTcxNjA4Mjc4NTQx\/john-dewey-9273497-1-402.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biography.com\/.image\/c_fill%2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Ch_400%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cw_620\/MTE1ODA0OTcxNjA4Mjc4NTQx\/john-dewey-9273497-1-402.jpg?resize=620%2C400&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"John Dewey on Modern Western Education\" width=\"620\" height=\"400\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modern Western Education John Dewey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>He was an American philosopher and educator. He was born in 1859 in Vermont, he is said to be the major contributor to the philosophy of pragmatism which is also referred to as experimentalism, instrumentalism or empiricism. He wrote two books in which ideas of education are summarized and these are;\u00a0<strong><u>democracy and education (1916)<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong><u>experience and education (1938)<\/u><\/strong>\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph \/--><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe presented that man is capable of infinitely progressing through education. He came to this conclusion after examining Darwin\u2019s biological theory of evolution which suggests that man gradually evolve through natural processes of <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> from the simplest cell to the complex structure of what he is now. It is believed that man with his intelligence will continuously come up with ways and means of improving his ability in order to survive.\n\nDewey modified and improved the child-centred concepts in education which were originally developed by Rousseau, Pestalozzi and Froebel. Dewey focused his attention on the principle of taking action immediately there is a need in order to solve a problem instantly. He presented that there are four steps in solving problems which are;\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Identifying the problem; this stage involves being aware that there is something that requires attention.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Formation of the hypothesis; this involves a close study of the cause of the problem so as to come up with a solution. This stage also involves critical thinking so as to see the effectiveness of every protocol and the outcome of the suggestions.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Collection of data; this stage involves the collection of suitable information or tools required to try out the hypothesis.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Testing the hypothesis or idea; this stage is about trying out all the identified ideas (hypothesis) in order to finally arrive at the solution.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 id=\"education-ideas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Education_Ideas\"><\/span><strong>Education Ideas<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nDewey advances that learning takes place through daily experiences as such education should aim at helping someone to cope with life daily. He also discouraged where the teacher exercises great authority. He also says the school should be an extension of the home where learning-related and continues. He presents that the child should not be removed from its environment but be helped to get equipped with the intelligence that will help reform the society.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nThe school should provide the child with experience for both group living and cooperative activities. Learning should be logical; beginning with the child current experience to new experiences, all subjects should uphold the child\u2019s centeredness. Learning should be by doing through group work. Learners should consult the teacher freely when faced with difficulties that they are unable to solve or deal with. Learning should focus on problem-solving and not information storage.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 id=\"john-locke-1532-1704\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_John_Locke_1532-1704\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>John Locke (1532-1704)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nHe was born in 1632 and his father was a lawyer. His education ideas are contained in his major works, \u201cthought on education\u201d and the \u201cessay\u201d in these works John Locke aimed at examining and determining the nature and possible extent of human knowledge in the essay, he opposed the theory of tabula rasa (innate ideas), he presented that experience was the basis of all knowledge.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nLocke said that mental activities are primarily concerned with either the object of the external world or with the operation of the mind. Knowledge of the external is arrived at through activities of the sense organs. He further presents that children get ideas from sensation and experiences. The way the children grow older they begin to contemplate on the operation of their own. The ideas that enter consciously from these two sources are termed simple ideas.\n\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 id=\"education-ideas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EDUCATION_IDEAS\"><\/span><strong>EDUCATION IDEAS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\nLocke argued that since man\u2019s facilities and abilities can develop in any direction it is important to ensure the exercise only those powers which give individuals experience and skills in the right direction (powers of the body and mind) he suggested that children should be protected from factors of the environment which are harmful to the physical <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> like Rousseau. He believed in the use of controlled environment and that all knowledge that could be harmful to the child should not be given.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern Western Education was dominated by educational philosophers and psychologists whose ideas are biased toward the active and learner-centred teaching-learning [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,68],"tags":[71,77],"class_list":["post-614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-education","tag-educational-psychology","tag-history-of-education-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Modern-Western-Education.jpg?fit=300%2C182&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":543,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/western-missionary-education-in-northern-rhodesia\/","url_meta":{"origin":614,"position":0},"title":"WESTERN MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN NORTHERN RHODESIA","author":"centreforelites","date":"15 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0ESMN4jducs Missionary education was one of the very first tasks that were undertaken by the first missionaries entered the country. Their first task was to teach reading and writing the vernacular language of the area in which they had opened their mission station. The next step was to start a\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"WESTERN MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN NORTHERN RHODESIA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WESTERN-MISSIONARY-EDUCATION-IN-NORTHERN-RHODESIA.jpg?fit=640%2C560&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WESTERN-MISSIONARY-EDUCATION-IN-NORTHERN-RHODESIA.jpg?fit=640%2C560&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/WESTERN-MISSIONARY-EDUCATION-IN-NORTHERN-RHODESIA.jpg?fit=640%2C560&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2103,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/top-50-universities-in-africa-2024\/","url_meta":{"origin":614,"position":1},"title":"Top 50 Universities in Africa 2024","author":"centreforelites","date":"23 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Africa's higher education sector has witnessed significant growth and transformation in recent years. With a focus on research, innovation, and quality education, universities across the continent are making their mark on the global stage. In this post, we present the top 50 universities in Africa for 2024, shedding light on\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Education&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Top 50 Universities in Africa 2024","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pexels-photo-5940838.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pexels-photo-5940838.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pexels-photo-5940838.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pexels-photo-5940838.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pexels-photo-5940838.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1021,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/educational-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":614,"position":2},"title":"Educational Psychology. Definition and Nature","author":"centreforelites","date":"29 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Educational Psychology is the branch of Psychology that specially explores the understanding of teaching and learning in educational settings. It is the study of how humans learn in educational settings,","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Educational Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/educational-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"woman in white shirt and blue denim shorts lying on bed","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/pexels-photo-6941450.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1140,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/decision-making-by-the-academia-in-conflict-resolution\/","url_meta":{"origin":614,"position":3},"title":"Decision-making by the academia in conflict resolution","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 This article will examine the reasons why Africa has been marginalised by Western academics by looking at the decision-making process, or how subjects for research are chosen. It will look at the internal dynamics of the academic world, and then the external influences of the policymakers, media and the\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Social Development&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Social Development","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/social-development\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2767,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/top-research-areas-for-postdoctoral-fellowships-in-education\/","url_meta":{"origin":614,"position":4},"title":"Top Research Areas for Postdoctoral Fellowships in Education","author":"centreforelites","date":"2 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Embark on an exploratory journey into the future of education with our deep dive into the best research areas for postdoctoral fellowships. From the transformative potential of Educational Technology to the inclusive strategies of Inclusive Education, STEM advancements, Teacher Education, and the critical role of Education Policy and Reform, this\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Higher Education&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Higher Education","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/higher-education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Top Research Areas for Postdoctoral Fellowships in Education","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pexels-photo-7034449.jpeg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pexels-photo-7034449.jpeg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pexels-photo-7034449.jpeg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pexels-photo-7034449.jpeg?fit=800%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2116,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/educational-technology-conceptual-discussion\/","url_meta":{"origin":614,"position":5},"title":"Educational Technology: Conceptual Discussion","author":"centreforelites","date":"15 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In this post, the meaning of \u2018Educational Technology\u2019 shall be provided. You will learn some terminologies and concepts used in this field of specialization in course of the discussion.","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Education&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Educational Technology: Conceptual Discussion","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1015568.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1015568.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1015568.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1015568.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1015568.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=614"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614\/revisions\/629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}