{"id":648,"date":"2022-04-16T21:18:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-16T19:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/?p=648"},"modified":"2023-07-17T11:54:30","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:54:30","slug":"the-origin-of-chikwakwa-theatre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/the-origin-of-chikwakwa-theatre\/","title":{"rendered":"The Origin of Chikwakwa Theatre"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"The origins of Chikwakwa Theatre\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5Gui63DNBKw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Chikwakwa Theatre came into being in the 1960s gave rise to new theatre groups. The leaders of Chikwakwa Theatre were with a strong feeling and conviction that western theatre in the Zambian society was divided along racial lines and that there would not emerge anything of value If Western theatre remained unchallenged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The origins of Chikwakwa Theatre can be traced to the creation of the University of Zambia Dramatic Society (UNZADRAMS) at the University of Zambia. Formed in 1969, UNZADRAMS was primarily an association for students and lecturers at the university. Though conceived by students and lecturers of the English Drama course in the University, UNZADRAMS had among its members,students who were not part of the drama course. UNZADRAMS had no national following as such but concentrated on production of plays which had a local appeal as stated by Hudwell Mwachalimba the first chairperson for UNZADRAMS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNZADRAMS has as its guiding philosophy a deliberate program to the promotion of theatre arts among Zambians. This we are doing by presenting such plays and sketches in which Zambian audiences can recognise their own ethos &#8211; the basis of theatrical appreciation. Emphasis is therefore being placed on locally written plays or those adapted to local situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scontent.flun3-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t31.18172-8\/11083812_1558793911075285_1894918676729338085_o.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p720x720&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-5&amp;_nc_sid=e3f864&amp;_nc_ohc=8KifLDILKlwAX8HKkUl&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.flun3-1.fna&amp;oh=00_AT-T2VevBo0nI61PYrySl7FjKQxhP5kZ1Ajg4Nu9CkwBwg&amp;oe=62606190\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scontent.flun3-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t31.18172-8\/11083812_1558793911075285_1894918676729338085_o.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p720x720&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-5&amp;_nc_sid=e3f864&amp;_nc_ohc=8KifLDILKlwAX8HKkUl&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.flun3-1.fna&amp;oh=00_AT-T2VevBo0nI61PYrySl7FjKQxhP5kZ1Ajg4Nu9CkwBwg&amp;oe=62606190\" alt=\"The Origin of Chikwakwa Theatre\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Origin of Chikwakwa Theatre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the productions of UNZADRAMS were done for a university audience. Due to lack of a university theatre, the students and lecturers, in 1969 set out to construct an open air theatre in the Chamba valley some seven kilometres from the university campus. The construction of the open air theatre was done through work parties the name <em>Chikwakwa&nbsp;<\/em>meaning slasher symbolises &#8216;the way grass that formed the enclosure, was cut for construction of the theatre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It also denotes the sense of co-operation and self-help that characterized the process of construction. Chikwakwa theatre became a hive of a good number of productions that included Kasoma&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>The Long Arms of the Law&nbsp;<\/em>(1966), Fear of&nbsp;<em>the Unknown, Houseboy (1969), Che Guevara (1970), Prodigal Son&nbsp;<\/em>and&nbsp;<em>Kazembe and the Portuguese&nbsp;<\/em>(1971).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Ertherton (1971), a lecturer at UNZA, who has been credited with being the brain-child of the Chikwakwa Theatre, in 1971 articulated his concept of a travelling theatre which became the guiding philosophy for the Chikwakwa Travelling Theatre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Zambia, the leaders of the people have sought to sweep away the white establishment culture; one hopes that they have the insight to carry their cultural revolution through to the masses. For our part we in the university looked up to the clear skies and the rich manifestation of songs and felt that it was too great a heritage to lose to the technocrats and black bourgeoisie and we set about developing theatre on this basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chikwakwa Theatre therefore is more than an open air theatre building in the bush near Lusaka: It is a commitment to the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of theatre in Zambia from exiting cultural roots as they are manifested in the performing arts and in ritual. The traditional performing arts were for all the people and Chikwakwa Theatre must be concerned with the concept of popular theatre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The theatre cannot develop solely for the better placed in society,&nbsp;In the intervening years between 1966 and 1971 Chikwakwa Theatre and its forunner UNZADRAMS participated in the TAZ festival but the members realised that it was not feasible to get any award or win recognition in a theatre association that was dominated by an enclave group which was bent on preservation of its own notion of cultural superiority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The tensions that had characterised KDS in 1963 concerning affiliation to TAZ, loomed high in 1971 when UNZADRAMS entered for the TAZ festival a play&nbsp;<em>Fools Marry&nbsp;<\/em>(by Kabwe Kasoma). A serious confrontation, with the British adjudicator ensued because the adjudicator failed to understand the cultural content of the play. UNZADRAMS broke away from TAZ and Chikwakwa Theatre became the external wing of UNZADRAMS that promoted theatre outside the University through provincial tours and training workshops and manifestation of new works written by students and the lecturers at the university.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Chikwakwa Theatre came into being in the 1960s gave rise to new theatre groups. The leaders of Chikwakwa Theatre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":48,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,82],"tags":[81],"class_list":["post-648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-drama","tag-theatre-for-development"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chikwakwa-Theatre.jpg?fit=960%2C720&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1176,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/the-origin-of-chikwakwa-theatre-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":648,"position":0},"title":"The Origin of Chikwakwa Theatre","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0The Chikwakwa Theatre: The coming into being of the Chikwakwa Theatre in the 1960s gave rise to new theatre groups. The leaders of Chikwakwa Theatre were with a strong feeling and conviction that western theatre in the Zambian society was divided along racial lines and that there would not emerge\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Drama&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Drama","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/drama\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":641,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/the-origin-of-theatre-for-development\/","url_meta":{"origin":648,"position":1},"title":"The origin of Theatre for Development","author":"centreforelites","date":"16 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FZY-JV9Bj6Y The origin of Theatre for Development can be traced back in the late 1970s as a social movement that disseminated information on issues of development at the grassroots level in the developing world. It was an offshoot of thetravelling theatre movement but nurtured by the adult education movement. Chikwakwa\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Biology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Biology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/biology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"The origin of Theatre for Development","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Theatre-for-Development.jpg?fit=800%2C654&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Theatre-for-Development.jpg?fit=800%2C654&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Theatre-for-Development.jpg?fit=800%2C654&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Theatre-for-Development.jpg?fit=800%2C654&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1180,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/genesis-and-evolution-of-theatre-for-development\/","url_meta":{"origin":648,"position":2},"title":"Genesis and Evolution of Theatre for Development","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0TFD emerged in the late 1970s as a social movement that disseminated information on issues of development at grassroot level in the developing world. The Evolution of Theatre for Development was an offshoot of the travelling theatre movement but nurtured by the adult education movement.\u00a0 Chikwakwa travelling theatre in Zambia\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Drama&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Drama","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/drama\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Genesis and Evolution of TfD","src":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB.jpg\/800px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB.jpg","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB.jpg\/800px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB.jpg 1x, https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB.jpg\/800px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB.jpg 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":653,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/chalimbana-popular-theatre-workshop-1979\/","url_meta":{"origin":648,"position":3},"title":"Chalimbana Popular Theatre Workshop 1979","author":"centreforelites","date":"16 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VZHvMV5WYHQ In Zambia, the theatre workers found the Botswana Theatre for Development ideas very attractive. The Chalimbana Popular Theatre Workshop was held at Chalimbana Training Centre, about 40 km east of Lusaka in August, 1979. In fact, there had already been examples of plays in Zambia before 1987 which used\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Chalimbana Popular Theatre Workshop 1979","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chalimbana-Popular-Theatre-Workshop-1979.jpg?fit=1140%2C712&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chalimbana-Popular-Theatre-Workshop-1979.jpg?fit=1140%2C712&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chalimbana-Popular-Theatre-Workshop-1979.jpg?fit=1140%2C712&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chalimbana-Popular-Theatre-Workshop-1979.jpg?fit=1140%2C712&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chalimbana-Popular-Theatre-Workshop-1979.jpg?fit=1140%2C712&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1175,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/chalimbana-popular-theatre-workshop-1979-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":648,"position":4},"title":"Chalimbana Popular Theatre Workshop 1979","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0In Zambia the theatre workers found the Botswana Theatre for Developmentideas very attractive. In fact, there had already been examples of plays in Zambia before 1987 which used a didactic technique to highlight social problems. For example, the Lusaka Housing Unit used drama in the mid-1970s for demonstration of techniques\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Drama&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Drama","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/drama\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Gulbenkain Foundation - Chalimbana Popular Theatre Workshop","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gulbenkian.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/FCG_5699_1140x712.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gulbenkian.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/FCG_5699_1140x712.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gulbenkian.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/FCG_5699_1140x712.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1174,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/international-workshops-on-the-tfd\/","url_meta":{"origin":648,"position":5},"title":"International Workshops on the TFD","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0The growth of TFD worldwide and in Africa has followed a pattern that began with international workshops followed by a fall out of national organizations and CBOs. The first international workshop that considered arts in development was the UNESCO workshop organizedin India in 1972 on the use of folk media\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Drama&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Drama","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/drama\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=648"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1931,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/648\/revisions\/1931"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}