{"id":977,"date":"2022-11-01T21:31:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T19:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/"},"modified":"2023-07-13T12:03:04","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T10:03:04","slug":"lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/","title":{"rendered":"LEV VYGOTSKY\u2019S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify;\">Lev Vygotsky lived between 1896 and 1934. He was born in Russia in the same year as Piaget but died at a very tender age of 38. Vygotsky has been known to be a prolific writer who wrote 10 books in a period of 10 years, thus 1924 to 1934. His contribution on cognitive developmental was largely unknown to the West until it was published in 1962.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky lived during the Russian Revolution. He began to work in psychology shortly after the Russian revolution, where Marxism replaced the rule of the czar. The new philosophy of the Marxist emphasised socialism and collectivism. Sharing and co-operation was encouraged, and the success of any individual was seen as reflecting the success of the culture. It is this political environment in which Vygotsky lived that influenced his sociocultural approach to cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Development<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/myeltcafe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Sociocultural-Theory-of-Vygotsky.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/myeltcafe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Sociocultural-Theory-of-Vygotsky.png?ssl=1\" alt=\"LEV VYGOTSKY\u2019S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT\" title=\"LEV VYGOTSKY\u2019S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lev Vygotsky put up three main assumptions for his work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Firstly, he assumed that <a href=\"https:\/\/kanyarwandamugisha.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/jean-piagets-theory-of-cognitive.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cognitive skills<\/a> have their origin in social relations and are embedded in a sociocultural backdrop. This assumption is very key to Vygotsky\u2019s sociocultural approach to cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Secondly he argued that the child\u2019s cognitive skills can be understood only when they are developmentally analysed and interpreted and <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">lastly&#8221; that Cognitive skills are mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse which serve as psychological tools for facilitating and transforming mental activity.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">In his theory of <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/en\/the-concept-of-cognitive-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cognitive development<\/a>, Vygotsky postulated four major themes and each one will be discussed at length.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dba12a183ad\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dba12a183ad\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#_SOCIAL_INTERACTION\" >&nbsp;SOCIAL INTERACTION<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#_MORE_KNOWLEDGEABLE_OTHER\" >&nbsp;MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#THE_ZONE_OF_PROXIMAL_DEVELOPMENT\" >THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#_LANGUAGE_AND_THOUGHT\" >&nbsp;LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#APPLICATION_OF_LEV_VYGOTSKYS_THEORY_TO_TEACHING_AND_LEARNING_IN_ZAMBIA\" >APPLICATION OF LEV VYGOTSKY\u2019S THEORY TO TEACHING AND LEARNING IN ZAMBIA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/lev-vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-to-cognitive-development\/#_COMPARISON_OF_VYGOTSKYS_AND_PIAGETS_THEORIES\" >&nbsp;COMPARISON OF VYGOTSKY\u2019S AND PIAGET\u2019S THEORIES<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_SOCIAL_INTERACTION\"><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">SOCIAL INTERACTION<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Social Interaction<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> is one major theme of Vygotsky\u2019s theoretical framework, He argued that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of cognition. <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Development<\/a> in Vygotsky\u2019s theory applies mainly to mental <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>, such as thought, language and reasoning process. These abilities were understood to develop through social interactions with others (especially parents) and therefore represented the shared knowledge of the culture.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Higher mental processes, such as directing your own attention, and thinking through problems, first are constructed during shared activities between the child and another person. Then the processes are internalised by the child and become part of that child\u2019s cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>. A situation below illustrates how this happens.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">A six-year-old has lost a toy and asks her father for help. The father asks her where she last saw the toy; the child says \u201cI can\u2019t remember.\u201d He asks a series of questions-did you have it in your room? Outside? Next door? To each question the child answers, \u201cno\u201d. When he says \u201cin the car?\u201d she says \u201cI think so\u201d and goes to retrieve the toy.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Who do you think remembered? The answer is really neither the father nor the daughter but the two together. The remembering and problem solving were co-constructed between people in the interaction. But the child (and the father) may have internalised strategies to use next time something is lost. At some point the child will be able to function independently to solve this kind of problem<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky pointed out that tools provided by the culture support thinking and that higher mental processes for instance, reasoning, problem solving are mediated by psychological tools such as language, signs and symbols. <b><i>Cultural tools<\/i><\/b> are of two kinds: <i>Real tools<\/i> such as cell phones, computers, Internet and <i>Symbolic tools<\/i> which may include numbers, maps, signs, codes and sign language. <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Development<\/a> proceeds through the internalisation of social interactions, with the fundamental social interaction being interaction through language.\u201d (Fox 2008)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky (1978:57) states: &#8220;Every function in the child&#8217;s cultural <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people <b><i>(interpsychological) <\/i><\/b>and then inside the child <b><i>(intrapsychological<\/i><\/b>). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_MORE_KNOWLEDGEABLE_OTHER\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. This is one other major theme in Vygotsky\u2019s explanation of the sociocultural theory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an older adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a child&#8217;s peers or an adult&#8217;s children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience. For example, children and not their parents are more likely to know more about the newest teen-age music groups, how to win at the most recent PlayStation game, or how to correctly perform the newest dance craze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the More Knowledgeable Other may not be a person at all. Lately, some companies as a way to support employees in their learning process, are now using electronic performance support systems. Electronic tutors have also been used in educational settings to facilitate and guide students through the learning process. The key to MKOs is that they must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since much of what a child learns comes from the culture around her and much of the child\u2019s problem-solving is mediated through an adult\u2019s help, it is wrong to focus on a child in isolation. Such focus does not reveal the processes by which children acquire new skills. Interactions with the surrounding culture and social agents, such as parents and more competent peers, contribute significantly to a child\u2019s intellectual <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"THE_ZONE_OF_PROXIMAL_DEVELOPMENT\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of the More Knowledgeable Other is integrally related to the other important principle of Vygotsky&#8217;s work, the Zone of Proximal <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Development<\/a> (ZPD). The ZPD is the range of tasks that one cannot yet perform independently, but can accomplish with the help of a more competent individual. It simply defines skills and abilities that are in the process of developing. Closely linked to the idea of zone of proximal <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> is the <i><b>concept of Scaffolding<\/b><\/i>, a structure or guidance of a more experienced person. It is a technique of changing the level of support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The ZPD is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. For example, the child could not solve the jigsaw puzzle by itself and would have taken a long time to do so (if at all), but was able to solve it following interaction with the father, and has developed competence at this skill that will be applied to future jigsaws.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vygotsky (1978) sees the Zone of Proximal <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">Development<\/a> as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given &#8211; allowing the child to develop skills they will then use on their own &#8211; developing higher mental functions. He views interaction with peers, as an effective way of developing skills and strategies. He suggests that teachers use cooperative learning exercises where less competent children develop with help from more skilful peers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiR6nJedFH8Cy-L0SiSO8IbIBm3Ezx4mW2eZGJf6rw-prPB1DcWvSKAUd5RiUExFbtOs86OmEhBLLCOvhHrxe6Uu0HMEdv-TguRYtGDGelHFiKa9NR0VqaV7QSDKttXhwP1ln-lVN3SyP8yauDB1V_Tlbc9PiWdMYbVlEbyFhPzdUggf4v9CsV_tYAL\/s455\/Levy%20Vygotsky%27s%20Zone%20of%20Proximal%20Development.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiR6nJedFH8Cy-L0SiSO8IbIBm3Ezx4mW2eZGJf6rw-prPB1DcWvSKAUd5RiUExFbtOs86OmEhBLLCOvhHrxe6Uu0HMEdv-TguRYtGDGelHFiKa9NR0VqaV7QSDKttXhwP1ln-lVN3SyP8yauDB1V_Tlbc9PiWdMYbVlEbyFhPzdUggf4v9CsV_tYAL\/w640-h486\/Levy%20Vygotsky%27s%20Zone%20of%20Proximal%20Development.png?ssl=1\" alt=\"LEV VYGOTSKY\u2019S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT\" title=\"Zone of Proximal Development\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;\">In the above figure, the zone of proximal <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> is \u2018what a child can do with help\u2019. The zone of <\/span><b style=\"color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;\"><i>\u2018what I cannot do\u2019<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;\"> means that even if the child was taught by the most effective teacher he or she would still not get the concept. Besides, this knowledge is not even necessary. By and large sociocultural theorists have argued that the range of skill that can be developed with adult guidance or peer collaboration exceeds what can be attained alone.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_LANGUAGE_AND_THOUGHT\"><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/relationship-between-language-and-thought\/\">Language and thought<\/a><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> is one other major theme that Vygotsky looked at. He believed that young children use language not only for social communication but also to plan, guide and monitor their behaviour in a self-regulatory fashion-what is called inner speech or private speech. These two: <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/relationship-between-language-and-thought\/\">language and thought<\/a> initially develop independently of each other and then merge.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Since he pointed out that all mental functions have external or social origins, children must use language to communicate with others before they can focus inward (self-talk) on their own thoughts. After a while the self-talk becomes second nature to children and they can act without verbalizing. When this occurs children have internalized their egocentric speech in the form of inner speech, which becomes their thoughts.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APPLICATION_OF_LEV_VYGOTSKYS_THEORY_TO_TEACHING_AND_LEARNING_IN_ZAMBIA\"><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">APPLICATION OF LEV VYGOTSKY\u2019S THEORY TO TEACHING AND LEARNING IN ZAMBIA<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The following are some of the ways in which Vygotsky\u2019s theory can be applied and is applied in teaching and learning. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The Curriculum is designed to emphasize interaction between learners and learning tasks, children learn much through interaction<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Assessment methods should take into account the zone of proximal <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>. What children can do on their own is their level of <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">actual <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">and what they can do with help is their level of <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">potential <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"> Assessment methods must target both the level of actual <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> and the level of potential <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Scaffolding is used when students need help<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">4.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Use of more skilled peers as teachers which Vygotsky called the More Knowledgeable Other.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Criticisms<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky\u2019s theory does not provide the richness that <a href=\"https:\/\/kanyarwandamugisha.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/jean-piagets-theory-of-cognitive.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piaget\u2019s approach<\/a> offers<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">He did not provide the kinds of specific tools for research that Piaget\u2019s many tests and experiments have given us.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky\u2019s approach offers only a general outline of cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>; in its emphasis on the social and cultural aspects of learning and cognition, however, it challenges future researchers to explore the role of context in greater depth.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">In this discourse, we have laboured to discuss the cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> theory as advanced by Piaget and Vygotsky. Piaget is the proponent who emphasised a sequence of four stages of cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>. Vygotsky on the other side emphasised social interactions as key to cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> which led to his <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> of sociocultural theory. Though each theory has its weaknesses, they both are key to the Zambian teaching and learning strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_COMPARISON_OF_VYGOTSKYS_AND_PIAGETS_THEORIES\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">COMPARISON OF VYGOTSKY\u2019S AND PIAGET\u2019S THEORIES<\/span><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky Strongly emphasised on sociocultural context while Piaget there was little emphasis<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Vygotsky was a Social constructivist while Piaget was a cognitive constructivist<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">No general stages of <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> were proposed by Vygotsky while Piaget strongly emphasized the stages.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">4.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The key processes for Vygotsky were zone of proximal <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a>, language, dialogue and tools of culture while Piaget emphasized on the schema, assimilation, accomm<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">odation, operations, conservat<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">ion, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">Classification<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">, hypothetical deductive reasoning to mention but a few.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">5.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">For Vygotsky Language plays a powerful role in shaping thought. For Piaget language plays a minimal role in shaping thought. Cognition primarily directs language<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">6.<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Education plays a central role, helping children learn the tools of the culture in Vygotsky\u2019s sociocultural theory. In Piaget\u2019s cognitive <a href=\"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/\">development<\/a> education merely refines the child\u2019s cognitive that already have emerged.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">Both Vygotsky and Piaget viewed the teacher as a facilitator and guide not a director.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vygotsky&#8217;s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development is grounded on three main assumptions, and 4 themes namely social interaction, more knowledgeable Others, Zone of Proximal Development and Language and Thought.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"wds_primary_category":114,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[221,194,71,220],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cognitive-development","tag-cognitive-development","tag-developmental-psychology","tag-educational-psychology","tag-intellectual-development"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Vygotskys-Sociocultural-Theory-of-Cognitive-Development.png?fit=1333%2C1000&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":960,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/jerome-bruners-theory-of-discovery-learning-representation\/","url_meta":{"origin":977,"position":0},"title":"JEROME BRUNER&#8217;S THEORY OF DISCOVERY LEARNING &#038; REPRESENTATION","author":"centreforelites","date":"2 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"This article explores Jerome Bruner's theory of development, his three modes of representation, and his beliefs on learning, language, and discovery.","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Bruner's Theory&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Bruner's Theory","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/bruners-theory\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"JEROME BRUNER'S THEORY OF DISCOVERY LEARNING","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/JEROME-BRUNERS-THEORY-OF-DISCOVERY-LEARNING.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/JEROME-BRUNERS-THEORY-OF-DISCOVERY-LEARNING.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/JEROME-BRUNERS-THEORY-OF-DISCOVERY-LEARNING.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/JEROME-BRUNERS-THEORY-OF-DISCOVERY-LEARNING.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/JEROME-BRUNERS-THEORY-OF-DISCOVERY-LEARNING.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":787,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/child-psychology-development-in-5-steps\/","url_meta":{"origin":977,"position":1},"title":"Child psychology Development in 5 Steps","author":"centreforelites","date":"18 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Child psychology's Past John B. Watson\u00a0and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are typically cited as providing the foundations for the modern development of child psychology. In the mid-18th century, Jean Jacques Rousseau described three stages of development:\u00a0infants\u00a0(infancy),\u00a0puer\u00a0(childhood) and\u00a0adolescence\u00a0in\u00a0Emile: Or, On Education. Rousseau's ideas were taken up strongly by educators at the time. It\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Child psychology Introduction","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Child-psychology.png?fit=860%2C687&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Child-psychology.png?fit=860%2C687&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Child-psychology.png?fit=860%2C687&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Child-psychology.png?fit=860%2C687&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1020,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/definition-of-growth-and-development\/","url_meta":{"origin":977,"position":2},"title":"DEFINITION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT","author":"centreforelites","date":"29 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Growth and Development, also known as Developmental Psychology is a branch of Psychology that studies age dynamics of the human psyche. It includes child Psychology, teenage psychology, adult psychology, and old age psychology.","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Educational Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Educational Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/educational-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/H3qu9vZ2AO0\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":984,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/why-teachers-need-to-understand-human-growth-and-development\/","url_meta":{"origin":977,"position":3},"title":"WHY TEACHERS NEED TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT","author":"centreforelites","date":"1 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Read and find out why teachers need to understand human growth and Development in order to succeed in their profession","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Developmental Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Developmental Psychology","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/developmental-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"WHY TEACHERS NEED TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-4218707.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-4218707.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-4218707.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-4218707.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/pexels-photo-4218707.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":979,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/the-concept-of-cognitive-development\/","url_meta":{"origin":977,"position":4},"title":"The Concept of Cognitive Development","author":"centreforelites","date":"1 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Psychologists have come up with different approaches to cognitive development. Cognition is the mental activity and behaviour that allows us to understand the world.","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Cognitive Development&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Development","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/cognitive-development\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Concept of Cognitive Development","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Concept-of-Cognitive-Development.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Concept-of-Cognitive-Development.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Concept-of-Cognitive-Development.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Concept-of-Cognitive-Development.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Concept-of-Cognitive-Development.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":978,"url":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/jean-piagets-theory-of-cognitive-development\/","url_meta":{"origin":977,"position":5},"title":"JEAN PIAGET\u2019S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT","author":"centreforelites","date":"1 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Piaget's theory of cognitive develop is well-known within the fields of psychology and education, but it has also been the subject of considerable criticism.","rel":"","context":"\u0412 &quot;Cognitive Development&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Development","link":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/category\/cognitive-development\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"JEAN PIAGET\u2019S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Piagets-Theory.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Piagets-Theory.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Piagets-Theory.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Piagets-Theory.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/support.centreforelites.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Piagets-Theory.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1910,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions\/1910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/support.centreforelites.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}